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Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen 59
Abstracts
Ante Aikio
New and old Samoyed etymologies (Part
2)
This paper is a sequel to New and Old Samoyed Etymologies
published in FUF 56, offering etymological equations between
Samoyed and Finno-Ugric languages, including both new
etymologies and arguments supporting previous comparisons that
have not been accepted in the strictest modern treatments of
the Proto-Uralic lexicon. A total of fourteen Samoyed word
families are analyzed as inherited from Proto-Uralic.
Anna Widmer
Ungarisch nagy ‘groß’ und
nap ‘Sonne, Tag’
Hungarian nagy ‘big’ and nap
‘sun, day’ lack a convincing etymology. This is unsatisfactory
as these two words belong to the basic vocabulary. In this
paper it will be proposed that both words are inherited: they
derive from Finno-Ugric *nuńćз
and Finno-ugric *nuppз,
respectively. There are several words in Ugric which are,
formally and functionally, built in a similar way.
Raija Bartens
Zu den Positionsverben in den
finnisch-ugrischen Sprachen
Verbs expressing position form
tripartite fields consisting of a stative, ingressive and
causative verb. The Finno-Ugric languages have no unified
strategy for composing the field of position verbs. Three
areas can be distinguished on the basis of shared features: A,
the Finnic-Saamic-Mordvin language area; B, the Mari and
Permic language area and, C, the Ugric language area. A
feature common to all languages of area A is the possibility
of expressing position using a phrase including a cognate
verb-based adverb. In the B area, the base verb is stative,
and the ingressive and causative verbs are formed from it with
a derivational suffix (in one case, both the stative and the
ingressive verb are underived basic verbs). Characteristic of
the C area is the possibility of turning stative verbs into
ingressive using prefixed elements. In the Ob-Ugric languages,
however, this is only possible in a few cases, apart from the
use of derivational suffixes. In Hungarian, any stative
position verb can be turned into ingressive by prefixation;
for forming causative verbs, Hungarian also needs derivational
suffixes.
Ferenc Havas
Die Ergativität und die uralischen
Sprachen
The objective of the present paper is to
reconsider ergativity in Proto-Uralic and the individual
Uralic languages from the point of view of historical typology,
and to propose a reassessment of the problem. After a general
discussion of the concept of ergativity, the historical
relationship of the nominative, triadic,
ergative, and active structures is taken up, and a
partly novel “Schematogonic Hypothesis” is outlined. After
having reviewed the published sources on those Uralic
languages for which ergative structure has been assumed (Selkup,
Finnish, and Ostyak), we conclude that, in a
historical-typological sense, genuine ergative structures can
only be ascertained in Ostyak where, however, it is possible
to trace them back to the protolanguage. While on the whole
the Uralic protolanguage must have been of the nominative type,
it probably contained some pre-nominative relics, presumably
vestiges of a Pre-Uralic stage clearly reflected in Ostyak
only.
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