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Epistulae 1 (the whole volume, PDF)
subject: Epistulae 1. Letters sent by M.A. Castrén. Manuscripta Castreniana, Personalia I,1. 851 pp. ISBN 978-952-7262-25-2 (print) ISBN 978-952-7262-26-9 (online). 50 €.
description: (View the whole volume without frames) Contents Manuscripta Castreniana: A General Preface to the Series by Juha Janhunen Editors’ Foreword by Timo Salminen and Juha Janhunen Practical Information Matthias Alexander Castrén’s letters, transferring information and discussing ideas by Timo Salminen Recipients of M.A. Castrén’s letters by Timo Salminen Matthias Alexander Castrén: (Jump to: Letters written in 1832 | 1833 | 1834 | 1835 | 1836 | 1838 | 1839 | 1840 | 1841 | 1842 | 1843 | 1844 | 1845 | 1846 | 1847 | 1848 | 1849 | 1850 | 1851 | 1852) Letters written in 1832 1 Helsinki, 9 April 1832, to the Senate of the Imperial Alexander University 2 Uskela, 10 July 1832, to Johan Abraham Fellman 3 Helsinki, 3 September 1832, to Johan Abraham Fellman Letters written in 1833 4 Helsinki, 7 January 1833, to Johan Abraham Fellman 5 Helsinki, 14 February 1833, to Johan Abraham Fellman 6 Helsinki, 26 May 1833, to Jacob Fellman 7 Helsinki, 31 October 1833, to Johan Abraham Fellman Letter written in 1834 8 S.d. 1834, to the Senate of the Imperial Alexander University in Helsinki Letter written in 1835 9 S.d. 1835, to the Senate of the Imperial Alexander University in Helsinki Letters written in 1836 10 [Helsinki, c. April 1836], to Johan Abraham Fellman 11 Helsinki, 7 May 1836, to Johan Abraham Fellman Letters written in 1838 12 Muonio, July 1838, to Knut Felix von Willebrand 13 Helsinki, 25 September 1838, to Carl Robert Ehrström 14 Helsinki, 27 September 1838, to Anders Johan Sjögren 15 Helsinki, 30 October 1838, to Anders Johan Sjögren 16 Helsinki, 15 December 1838, to Jacob Fellman Letters written in 1839 17 Helsinki, 23 September 1839, to Carl Robert Ehrström 18 S.d. [December 1839], to the Faculty of Arts at the Imperial Alexander University in Helsinki Letters written in 1840 19 S.d. [probably February 1840], to Elias Lönnrot 20 Helsinki, 2 February 1840, to Carl Robert Ehrström 21 Helsinki, 12 March 1840, to Jacob Fellman 22 Helsinki, 22 March 1840, to Jacob Fellman 23 S.d.…
creator: Matthias Alexander Castrén
creator: edited by Timo Salminen & Juha Janhunen
publisher: Finno-Ugrian Society
date: 2021
rights: © Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura – Société Finno-Ougrienne – Finno-Ugrian Society & the authors
format: (View the whole volume without frames)

Epistulae 1: Letters sent by M.A. Castrén
subject: Epistulae 1. Letters sent by M.A. Castrén. Edited by Timo Salminen & Juha Janhunen. Manuscripta Castreniana, Personalia I,1. 851 pp. ISBN 978-952-7262-25-2 (print) ISBN 978-952-7262-26-9 (online). 50 €.
description: M.A. Castrén continued the European tradition of expeditions in Russia but he was also able to fulfil the needs of the Imperial Russian administration for information about the Empire as well as the Finnish national movement’s request to explore the history of the Finnish people. Being far away from home brought about a massive need for him to stay in contact both with friends and relatives in Finland and with colleagues and official authorities at the Russian Academy of Sciences. The present volume brings together all the currently known letters written by Castrén, both official and unofficial (except his correspondence with his fiancée and future wife Natalia Tengström, which will be published in Epistulae 2). Most of the letters date from the years he spent in the field, but there are also letters written in Finland before and after his expeditions. Altogether, this volume contains 231 letters and some drafts written by Castrén in the 20-year period between 1832 and 1852. View the whole volume (pdf)
description: (View the whole volume without frames) Contents Manuscripta Castreniana: A General Preface to the Series by Juha Janhunen Editors’ Foreword by Timo Salminen and Juha Janhunen Practical Information Matthias Alexander Castrén’s letters, transferring information and discussing ideas by Timo Salminen Recipients of M.A. Castrén’s letters by Timo Salminen Matthias Alexander Castrén: (Jump to: Letters written in 1832 | 1833 | 1834 | 1835 | 1836 | 1838 | 1839 | 1840 | 1841 | 1842 | 1843 | 1844 | 1845 | 1846 | 1847 | 1848 | 1849 | 1850 | 1851 | 1852) Letters written in 1832 1 Helsinki, 9 April 1832, to the Senate of the Imperial Alexander University 2 Uskela, 10 July 1832, to Johan Abraham Fellman 3 Helsinki, 3 September 1832, to Johan Abraham Fellman Letters written in 1833 4 Helsinki, 7 January 1833, to Johan Abraham Fellman 5 Helsinki, 14 February 1833, to Johan Abraham Fellman 6 Helsinki, 26 May 1833, to Jacob Fellman 7 Helsinki, 31 October 1833, to Johan Abraham Fellman Letter written in 1834 8 S.d. 1834, to the Senate of the Imperial Alexander University in Helsinki Letter written in 1835 9 S.d. 1835, to the Senate of the Imperial Alexander University in Helsinki Letters written in 1836 10 [Helsinki, c. April 1836], to Johan Abraham Fellman 11 Helsinki, 7 May 1836, to Johan Abraham Fellman Letters written in 1838 12 Muonio, July 1838, to Knut Felix von Willebrand 13 Helsinki, 25 September 1838, to Carl Robert Ehrström 14 Helsinki, 27 September 1838, to Anders Johan Sjögren 15 Helsinki, 30 October 1838, to Anders Johan Sjögren 16 Helsinki, 15 December 1838, to Jacob Fellman Letters written in 1839 17 Helsinki, 23 September 1839, to Carl Robert Ehrström 18 S.d. [December 1839], to the Faculty of Arts at the Imperial Alexander University in Helsinki Letters written in 1840 19 S.d. [probably February 1840], to Elias Lönnrot 20 Helsinki, 2 February 1840, to Carl Robert Ehrström 21 Helsinki, 12 March 1840, to Jacob Fellman 22 Helsinki, 22 March 1840, to Jacob Fellman 23 S.d.…
creator: Matthias Alexander Castrén
creator: edited by Timo Salminen & Juha Janhunen
publisher: Finno-Ugrian Society
date: 2021
rights: © Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura – Société Finno-Ougrienne – Finno-Ugrian Society & the authors
format: hardcover, PDF
language: English, svenska
identifier: ISBN 978-952-7262-25-2 (print), ISBN 978-952-7262-26-9 (online).
coverage: 1832–1852

Epistulae 2 (the whole volume, PDF)
subject: Epistulae 2. Correspondence between Matthias Alexander Castrén and Natalia Tengström. Edited by Juha Janhunen & Timo Salminen. Manuscripta Castreniana, Personalia I,2. 149 pp. ISBN 978-952-7262-27-6 (print), ISBN 978-952-7262-28-3 (online). 50 €.
description: (View the whole volume without frames) Contents Manuscripta Castreniana: A General Preface to the Series by Juha Janhunen Editors’ Foreword by Juha Janhunen and Timo Salminen Practical information Natalia and Alexander: An Introduction by Juha Janhunen Correspondence between Matthias Alexander Castrén and Natalia Tengström 1 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström 17–19 February 1850 2 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström 10/22 February 1850 3 Natalia Tengström to M.A. Castrén 24–26 February 1850 4 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström 15/27 February 1850 5 Natalia Tengström to M.A. Castrén 1 March 1850 6 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström 19 February/3 March 1850 7 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström 21 February/5 March 1850 8 Natalia Tengström to M.A. Castrén 8 March 1850 9 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström 24 February/8 March 1850 10 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström 28 February/12 March 1850 11 Natalia Tengström to M.A. Castrén 13 March 1850 12 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström s.d. 1850 13 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström 28–29 June 1850 14 Natalia Tengström to M.A. Castrén 30 June 1850 15 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström s.d. [1 July 1850] 16 Natalia Tengström to M.A. Castrén 2 July 1850 17 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström 2 July 1850 18 Natalia Tengström to M.A. Castrén s.d. [3 July 1850?] 19 Natalia Tengström to M.A. Castrén s.d. [20 August 1850] 20 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström 21 August 1850 21 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström s.d. [16 September 1850?] 22 Natalia Tengström to M.A. Castrén 17 September 1850 23 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström 19 September 1850 24 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström s.d. [23 September 1850] 25 Natalia Tengström to M.A. Castrén 24 September 1850 26 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström s.d. [26 September 1850?] 27 Natalia Tengström to M.A. Castrén 26 September 1850 28 Natalia Tengström to M.A. Castrén s.d. [27 September 1850] Sources and Literature Indexes
creator: Matthias Alexander Castrén & Natalia Castrén (née Tengström)
creator: edited by Juha Janhunen & Timo Salminen
publisher: Finno-Ugrian Society
date: 2021
rights: © Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura – Société Finno-Ougrienne – Finno-Ugrian Society & the authors

Epistulae 2: Correspondence between Matthias Alexander Castrén and Natalia Tengström
subject: Epistulae 2. Correspondence between Matthias Alexander Castrén and Natalia Tengström. Edited by Juha Janhunen & Timo Salminen. Manuscripta Castreniana, Personalia I,2. 149 pp. ISBN 978-952-7262-27-6 (print), ISBN 978-952-7262-28-3 (online). 50 €.
description: After returning from his last expedition in February 1849, Castrén actively started making preparations for his academic future and personal life. In January 1850, he became engaged to Natalia Tengström, the youngest daughter of Johan Jacob Tengström, Professor of Philosophy at the Imperial Alexander University in Helsinki. Their wedding took place in October 1850. The present volume contains the letters exchanged between Castrén and Natalia during the period of their engagement from February to September 1850. This intensive correspondence gives new insights into the persons of Castrén and his bride, as well as the role the Tengström family played in the intellectual circles of Finland. The letters also illustrate how intimate and, occasionally, humorous the relationship between Castrén and Natalia was. Although the social background of their engagement and marriage followed a pattern that was typical of the time, the letters speak for themselves and reveal that true love was involved. In the light of these previously unpublished letters Castrén himself emerges as a somewhat different person from the one he is known as on the basis of his other, more official and less intimate writings. View the whole volume (pdf)
description: (View the whole volume without frames) Contents Manuscripta Castreniana: A General Preface to the Series by Juha Janhunen Editors’ Foreword by Juha Janhunen and Timo Salminen Practical information Natalia and Alexander: An Introduction by Juha Janhunen Correspondence between Matthias Alexander Castrén and Natalia Tengström 1 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström 17–19 February 1850 2 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström 10/22 February 1850 3 Natalia Tengström to M.A. Castrén 24–26 February 1850 4 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström 15/27 February 1850 5 Natalia Tengström to M.A. Castrén 1 March 1850 6 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström 19 February/3 March 1850 7 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström 21 February/5 March 1850 8 Natalia Tengström to M.A. Castrén 8 March 1850 9 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström 24 February/8 March 1850 10 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström 28 February/12 March 1850 11 Natalia Tengström to M.A. Castrén 13 March 1850 12 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström s.d. 1850 13 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström 28–29 June 1850 14 Natalia Tengström to M.A. Castrén 30 June 1850 15 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström s.d. [1 July 1850] 16 Natalia Tengström to M.A. Castrén 2 July 1850 17 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström 2 July 1850 18 Natalia Tengström to M.A. Castrén s.d. [3 July 1850?] 19 Natalia Tengström to M.A. Castrén s.d. [20 August 1850] 20 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström 21 August 1850 21 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström s.d. [16 September 1850?] 22 Natalia Tengström to M.A. Castrén 17 September 1850 23 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström 19 September 1850 24 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström s.d. [23 September 1850] 25 Natalia Tengström to M.A. Castrén 24 September 1850 26 M.A. Castrén to Natalia Tengström s.d. [26 September 1850?] 27 Natalia Tengström to M.A. Castrén 26 September 1850 28 Natalia Tengström to M.A. Castrén s.d. [27 September 1850] Sources and Literature Indexes
creator: Edited by Juha Janhunen & Timo Salminen
creator: Matthias Alexander Castrén
creator: Natalia Castrén (née) Tengström
publisher: Finno-Ugrian Society
date: 2021
rights: © Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura – Société Finno-Ougrienne – Finno-Ugrian Society & the authors
format: hardcover, PDF
language: English, svenska
identifier: ISBN 978-952-7262-27-6 (print), ISBN 978-952-7262-28-3 (online).
coverage: 1850

Ethnographiska, historiska och statiska anmärkningar. 240
description: 2. Jewsi, Also known as Jiwsi (Verbov), Еуши, Иуси, Юси. It seems the name is first mentioned by Castrén; since then, it has been met in the descriptions and population censuses (Zenʹko-Nemčinova 2006: 17–52). bo i Samarovska volosten The Samarovskaja volostʹ, of which the centre is Samarovo, today Chanty-Mansijsk (Ru)/Jomvoš (Khanty)/Abga (Mansi) on the Obˈ at N61°0′10″ E69°1′10″. (TS) i trakten af byn Toropkowa Currently Skripunova at N61°19’36’’E69°45’31’’ Wыngamsá volost näst hitom Siljarskoj Selijarovo at N61°17′38″ E70°21′5″. (TS) wid små bäckar, såsom Hance-jaha (R[yska]. och Ostj[akiska]. Son-jeaga), Niistje (R[yska]. [och] Ostj[akiska]. Jeu jeaga) o. s. v. Uppgå sig till 8 skattbetalande och sade sig tillhöra Ljaminska Samojj., hvka de ega sma språk och trobytning De äro ur- fattiga, ega 1-5 renar, fiska om våren med nät, om sommaren med mjerdor. Fara stundom upp till Nasym och Ljamin om vintern, om fisket ej är gynnande hemma. I allmänhet flytta Samojj.[Samojeder] ifrån ställe till ställe för att fiska, emedan fisken olika år finnes på ol[ika]. stl.[ställen] Bo sommar och vinter i näfver-tält. 2. The Jewsi live in the Samarov volost' in the vicinity of the village of Toropkowa (Wыngamsá volost) next to Siljarskoj by small streams, such as the Hance-jaha (Russian and Ostyak Son-jeaga), Niistje (Russian and Ostyak Jeu jeaga), etc. They are really poor, have one to five reindeer, and fish in the spring with nets and in summer with fish traps. Sometimes they go up to the Nasym and Ljamin in the winter if the fishing is not favourable at home. In general, the Samoyeds move from one place to another to fish, because the fish are found in different places in different years. They spend the summers and winters in birch bark tents.

Ethnographiska, historiska och statiska anmärkningar. 254
description: Namn. For Nenets personal names, see Salminen 2007; Barmič 1980; Ljarskaja 2002; See [hedniska namn]. Names Togolouwa Labéä Sootma ~Aanibir Jaasi Maela Nanû Saadi Panzijuu Tiimbada Njoosie Jamsu Sjohori Sjobtie Piritseda Meli Njob Haida Wuemeä Mihli Miu Onorngaanä the page is upside down

Ethnographiska, historiska och statiska anmärkningar. 257
description: Samojeder i Beresovska Afd[elningen]. kretsen Samoyeds in the Berezov uezd See [Berezov uezd]. 1. Obdorska Obdorsk 3261 mk.[mänskliga] men 2309 qk.[qvinnliga] women 2. Kynovatska Ky[u]novat Here Kunovat refers to an administrative area, the Kunovat volostʹ. Kunovat is an old town, situated on the bank of the River Kunovat and already known in sources from the 16th century. The town was the centre of the Kunovat princedom, which had close contacts with other princedoms of the Berezov uezd. Later, it served as a centre of the Kunovat volostʹ. The Nenets of the area were Forest Nenets speakers. (Bachrušin 1935: 6–7, 37, 66–68; Alekseev (ed.) 2010: 237–238) 37 31 3. Казымскихъ Kazym Here Kazym refers to an administrative area, the Kazym volostʹ. Kazym is a town situated on the bank of the River Kazym and already known in sources from the 16th century. The town was a centre of the Kazym princedom and a significant centre of trade between the Khanty and Forest Nenets. The Nenets of the area were Forest Nenets speakers. (Bachrušin 1935:18, 68–69; Alekseev (ed.) 2010: 237–238) 312 239 4. Ljapinska Ljapin Here Ljapin refers to an administrative area, the Ljapin volostʹ. Ljapin is a town situated on the bank of the River Sygva and the town, together with the Ljapin princedom, is already known in sources from the 16th century, and it was one of the largest princedoms of the Berezov area in the 17th century. The Nenets of the area were Forest Nenets speakers. (Bachrušin 1935: 7, 66–68; Alekseev (ed.) 2010: 237–238) 79 58 total 3689 2627 Obs. I Sosvinska volosten finnas ej Samoj[eder]. NB: There are no Samoyeds in the Sosva volostʹ. Sosva refers here to an administrative area, the Sosʹva volostʹ. The town of Sosva served as the centre of the fomer Sosva princedom, and as the princedom itself fell, Sosva became known as one of the major religious centres with an idol (šaitan) that was visited by neighbouring Khanty. The indigenous people were mostly speakers of Mansi, but also Kh…

Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 001
description: Innehåll Contents Cap 1. p. 1-48 Chapter I Orters läge Location of places Orters beskaffenhet Characteristics of places Berg, floder, sjöar, haf Mountains, rivers, lakes, the ocean Jordmon. Soil Årstider. Seasons Climat Climate Naturalia: Fiskar, foglar, träd, bär Naturalia: fish, birds, trees, berries Husdjur. Pets Cap. 2 p.48-96 Chapter II Näringsmedel. Food Lefnadssätt a om sommaren, b) om vintern. Lifestyle in summer, b) in winter Renar och deras bevakning. Reindeer and their guarding Renmärken Reindeer marks Renens olika benämning på olika tider. The reindeer’s different names at different times Körredskap, renprydnader. Driving equipment, reindeer ornaments Båtar. Vildrensfångst. Boats. Wild reindeer hunts Jagt öfverhufvud. Hunting in general Fiskredskap. Fishing gear Cap. 3 p. 96-120 Chapter III Hus och hemvisten. House and residence Klädedrägt Clothing Spis och matlagning. Stove and cooking Cap 4. p. 121-144 Chapter IV Giftermål, (bröllop, barnsdop, namn.) Marriage, (wedding, christening, name) Arfsrätt Inheritance law Begrafning Funerals Tjenstefolk Servants Cap 5 p. 145-168 Chapter V National-charakter. National character Umgänges-art Communication Sätt att helsa Ways of healing Husmedicin. Family medicine Kunskaper öfverhufvud. Knowledge in general Bomärken. Marks, signatures Cap 6. p. 169-216 Chapter VI Gudalära Mythology Magie. Urier. Magic. Urier Omvändelse till Christendom. Conversion to Christianity Cap 7 p. 217 Chapter VII Folkets fordna styrelse (i stammar) Ancient governance (in tribes) Dess närvarande styrelse-sätt The present governance Dess historiska minnen. Historical memories of the people

Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 003
description: Cap. 1 There are several texts related to this one in Castrén’s manuscripts, which relates to the importance of the description of the landscape and settlements within the field of ethnography. This is also included in the instructions drawn up for Castrén, which indicates the inherent link between ethnography and geography and developing an understanding of space as one important defining factor for ethno-linguistic communities (Gibson 2022). The beginning of Chapter I until the end of page 007 can be related to “Bidrag till Mesenska kretsens hydrografi”, written in early 1845 (Castrén 1870: 120–128). The Russian Academy asked Castrén to specify and comment on the earlier knowledge about the rivers in Russia’s European north (Castrén 1870: 120n1). Chapter I Kanin Nos Cape Kanin Nos forms the north-western end of the Kanin Peninsula. N68°39’16” E43°16’35” omgifves i v[äst] af Hvita Hafvet, i n[ord]. af Ishafvet, i ö[st]. af Ческая губа. Čëša Bay (Čëšskaja guba) is situated east of Cape Kanin Nos. (TS) är belägen 68°18' nord[lig]. bredd, och 61° östlig l[än]g[d] fr[ån] Ferro. Kanin Nos is located at a latitude of 68°18' north, and a longitude of 61° east from Ferro. Святой Nos Cape Svjatoj Nos is on the north-eastern coast of the Kanin Peninsula at N68°8′54″ E39°46′16″. (TS) [är belägen] 67˚53' [nordlig bredd] 57 1/2 [˚ östlig längd] Svyatoi Nos is located at a latitude of 67˚53' north and a longitude of 57 1/2˚ east. Kaninska hallfön, hvars nordl[iga]. spets kls [kallas] Kanin Nos. Förut skiljdes dna [denna] halfö från sydl[iga]. delen af Mesen Mezenʹ is a town at the mouth of the river of the same name, N65°50′39″ E44°14′47″. In Castrén’s time it had ca. 1600 inhabitants. (Statističeskija tablicy 1840: 2.) (TS) genom tvenne för sina söta vatten berömda floder Чижа, The River Čiža (TN Оду) in the southern part of the Kanin Peninsula, flows into the White Sea. N67°05′29″ E44°24′11″ (GVR) som föll i Hvita hafvet och Чеша, The River Čëša (TN Падра) in the southern part…

Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 004
description: Addition at the end of the page: «Канинскiй камень, på Samoj[e]d[isk]: Sale-paj. Тиманскiй камень, på Samoj[edisk]» Ifrån Mesen till Nes Nesʹ is situated on the shore of the River Nesʹ (TN Хэйяха) near the west coast of Kanin Nos at N66°36′2″ E44°40′44″. (TS, KL) räknas 100 verst, hken[hvilken] sträcka är bemär- ken med svag granskog. Wid Nes upphör l[ärk]gran-regionen den Kaninska tundran, The name Kaninskaja tundra is often used for the Kanin Peninsula (TN Саля) and the area between Mezenʹ Bay and the River Pëša. (NAO-ES, 119–120.) som på Ryska kls[kallas] Kanin Nos (Sal'eh, Sam[ojedisk].) vid tager omkring 100 verst från Nes består denna tundra af lågt <---> sankt, torfbevuxet land; derefter vidtaga berg, (Kaninska) Kanin kamenʹ (TN Саляʹ пай) is a ridge in the northern part of the Kanin Peninsula. (Канинскiй каменъ) Kanin Nos i östlig riktning till udden Mikulkin. Mysʹ Mikulʹkin or Mikulkin Nos is the easternmost point of Kanin Nos at N67°48′39″ E46°41′37″. (TS) Således omkr[ing]. 380 verst från Mesen till Kanin Nos. «Kaninskij kamenʹ, TN Sale-paj. Timanskij kamenʹ [TN translation missing])» The distance from Mezen' to Nes is 100 versts, and the land between them consists of shabby spruce forest. Around Nes the larch tree areas cease at the Kanin tundra (Sal’eh), which in Russian is called Kanin Nos (TN Sal'eh), and start about 100 versts from Nes. This tundra consists of low <---> soft, peat-covered land; the mountains, extend from Kanin Nos to the east to the Mikul'kin headland. Therefore, around 380 versts from Mezen' to Kanin Nos. Ända till Kanin Nos finnas här och der vid floden svag granskog, så ock pä Timanska tundran, men på Kanin Nos växer blott <Era>. dwarf birch (Betula nana) As far as Kanin Nos, shabby spruce forests are found here and there by the rivers, which also concerns the Timan tundra. But on Kanin Nos only dwarf birch grows.

Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 005
description: Floder: 1) Pija The River Pyja, a tributary of the Mezenʹ. N65°58′29″ E44°13′34″ (GVR) Рыя, 20 verst från Mesen, 1 hus vid utloppet. 2) Somsja, The River Sëmža, north of Mezenʹ, has its source in Lake Sëmža. N66°11′03″ E44°40′07″ (GVR) 40 verst från Mesen by. <---> Invid Somsja by Sëmža on the eastern shore of Mezen’ Bay at N66°8′51″ E44°7′3″. (TS) utfaller Mesen i Hvita Hafvet. 3) Mgla, The River Bolʹšaja Mgla in the Kanin Peninsula flows into the White Sea. Mgla (Verchnaja Mgla) on the eastern shore of Mezenʹ Bay at N66°29′53″ E44°26′50″. (GVR) (TS, KL) (2 hus,) 70 verst från Mesen. 4) Nes, The River Nesʹ (TN Хэйяха) flows from Lake Nesʹ into the White Sea. N66°27′18″ E44°56′09″ (GVR) <<kyrka och by>> faller ut 15 verst vid kyrkan, från den Kaninska kyrkan The church, situated in Nesʹ and built in 1830–1835, is related to the Orthodox mission that took place in the European Arctic in 1826–1830. Currently, there is a church in the name of the Annunciation of Our Most Holy Lady in Nesʹ, built in 1868. See [omvändelse] (Veniamin 1855; Schrenk 1848: 241-247; Chomič 1979) i Hvita Hafvet. Vid kyrkan finnes en liten Rysk by, kld[kallad] Nes efter floden, med 9 ömkliga gårdar, som lifnä- ra sig genom boskapsskötsel, fiske, jagt och Samojed- handel; Rivers: 1) the Rija [Pyja], 20 versts from Mezen, one house at the outlet; 2) the Somsja, 40 versts from the village of Mezen. <---> Near the village of Somsja, the River Mezen flows into the White Sea; 3) the Mgla, (two houses,) 70 versts from Mezenʹ; 4) the Nes, << church and village >> flows into the White Sea 15 versts from the Kanin church. At the church there is a small Russian village, called Nes after the river, with nine miserable farmhouses that make their living through livestock farming, fishing, hunting, and trade with the Samoyed; 5) Jolguj The River Elguj flows into the River Nesʹ. (GVR) «Jolguj-ostroff, ett det enda ställe i tundra der gran växer - Jalka-joki», liten å, faller i Nes, 6) Kruta, The River Krutaja …

Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 006
description: «från камень траванка faller i Wolonga.» The River Volonga flows into Čëša Bay. TN хэвды ʻrib, side’. (GVR) (TaS, KL) «from Kamenʹ the Travanka flows into the Wolonga.» eydi, här finnas björnar) 25. Svoina The River Suvojnaja flows into the Barents Sea. (GVR) [faller i hafvet], 26. Pesщanka The River Pesčanka (TN Хоʹ яха, ʻBirch river’) flows into the Barents Sea. Again according to Schrenk, Peščanka would be ”Jarájjagha, d.i. Sandfluss (Ярайгa) in Nenets. (GVR) (Schrenk 1848: 318; Šrenk 2009: 218) [faller i hafvet] (Hoojaha) af hoo, björk, some växer här) 27. Peredni The River Srednjaja flows into the River Velikaja. TN ен ʻbowstring’. (GVR) (TaS, KL) (Jienjaha) «D.ä. Timanska floderna komma från камень.» 28. Welä=likoj[a](Häehijaha; The River Velikaja flows into the Barents Sea. ТN xэхэ ’idol’. (GVR) (TaS, KL) [faller i hafvet], af Hähe) 28)Subnoj, The Subnoj. Note that number 28 exists twice in the list. 29. Черна The River Čërnaja (TN Пэʹ яха) flows into the Barents Sea. TN посавэй ʻone who blows’ (GVR) (TaS, KL) (Poo- suvuj), 30. Uäskenoj The River Vas’kina. According to Schrenk, a coastal river near Čajcyn Nos. TN нюня ʻArctic loonʼ. (GVR) (Schrenk 1848: 668) (TaS, KL) (Jyynièh), 31. Lemtsa; Ljamca. According to Schrenk, a coastal river near Čaicyn Nos. (Schrenk 1848: 668) 32. Wuerej The River Vyrej flows into the River Indiga. [33. Iijovka The River Iëvka flows into the River Indiga. (GVR) 34. Gusintsa, The River Gusinec flows into the River Indiga. (GVR) 35. Bogatoj, The River Bogataja flows into the River Indiga. (GVR) 36. Bäla (Бѣла) The River Belaja flows into the River Indiga. (GVR) falla] i 37) Indiga The River Indiga (TN Пэʹ яха ʻStone River’) flows into Indiga Bay in the Barents Sea. According to Schrenk, the River Indiga is “Steinflus[es], Pájjaghá [Пайяга]” in Nenets. N67°24′45″ E49°28′37″ (GVR) (Schrenk 1848: 649; Šrenk 2009: 432) (Paejaha), 38. Святый Janajaha According to Schrenk, the River Bol’šaja Svetlaja is “Janájjaghà, d.i. der stille Fluss …

Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 007
description: Floder på Kanin Nos Rivers on Kanin Nos Fallande i Hvita hafvet: 1. Чиза, 2. Волосова, The River Volosova flows into Lake Beloe. (GVR) 3. Кия, The River Bolʹšaja Kija flows into Lake Beloe. (GVR) 4. Шоина The River Šojna flows into Lake Beloe. (GVR) l[eller]. Soina, 5. 6. Торна The River Torna flows into Lake Beloe. (GVR) 7. Салница The River Salʹnica flows into Lake Beloe. (GVR) 8. Болша/Бугриница The River Bolʹšaja Bugrjanica flows into Lake Beloe. (GVR) Малая Бугриница The River Malaja Bugrjanica flows into Lake Beloe. (GVR) mfl. Flowing into the White Sea: 1. Čiza, 2. Volosova, 3. Kija, 4. Šoina or Soina, 5. [missing] 6. Torna 7. Salnica 8. Bolša-Bugrinica, Malaja Bugrinica, etc. Fallande i Ческая Губа på högra sidan. 1. Kambalnitsa; The River (Bol’šaja) Kambalʹnica flows into Lake Beloe. (GVR) 2. Velika, The River Velikaja flows into the Barents Sea. 3.Moskvina Flowing into the Českaja guba on the right. 1. the Kambalnitsa; 2. the Velika; 3. the Moskvina Sjöar, på Kaninska tundran få, på Timanska många fiskrika. De förnämsta: Sorvan The River Sorvanskaja Viska flows into Lake Bolʹšoe Sorvanskoe. (GVR) (Sam.[jedska]), sj[ö] Inditskoj The River Indigskaja Viska flows out Lake Nižnoe (pervoe) Indigskoe. (GVR) (Rys[ka]), Pätova Urjer (Urdiga Ryska), Possibly Lake Urer-Chasyrej, out of which the River Urer-jaga flows. Schrenk notes that Lake ”Ùrdu̇ga, samojed. Úrjėr” in Nenets. (GVR) (Schrenk 1848: 651) Сухо-озеро (Tesibaej-toh), Lake Suchoe. TN Тэсьбэй ʻhaving been reindeerless’. (GVR) (TaS, KL) Anutieh The River Sojma flows out of Lake Anutej-to (Anutejskoe, Anutej). (GVR) (R[yska].-tiej), Lii=suteèh Lake Lysutej-to flows into Lake Anutej-to. (GVR) (R[yska]. tej), Teavan-toh TN тэва ʻtail’. (TaS, KL) (Хвостовый), Jeedurtsae tieh TN едюрця ʻEuropean whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus)’. (TaS, KL) (Цирово), Nilkatieh The River Nalim-Ju flows out of Lake Nilʹketejty (Nilʹkotej). (GVR) (Селдьовка), Häevudo-wae vuko TN хэвда вэвако ʻbad-sided’. (TaS, KL) (Людиво), Sjaator…