77
20
1683
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Ethnographiska, Historiska och Statistiska Anmärkningar
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Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 146
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An account of the resource
<p></p>
<table class="invisible-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">Samojederne äro oförskräckta. På små båtar färdas de till Nov[aja]. Sem<br />lja, och tyckas ej begripa att dervid är ngn[någon] fara. Härom <span class="add" title="addition">talade</span> <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">frågade</span>,<br />jag <span class="add" title="addition">med</span> en Samojed, och <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">yttrade</span> frågade, <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">att stormen lätt kunde</span><br />om han ej hyste några fruktan för storm och oväder.<br />"Blir det storm," menade Samojeden, "så finnes<br />äfven andra öar, och det gör mig lika, om jag<br />hamnar på Nov[aja]. Semlja eller på Waigats." Det kun-<br />de ju hända, fortfor jag, att du hamnade i andra<br />werlden, men hvarken på Nov[aja]. S[emlja]. eller Waigats.<br />"<span style="text-decoration: line-through;">Hamnar</span> Ännu finnas der andra öar, t.ex. <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Dolgoj</span>,<br />fortfor Samoj[ed]. "Är du då viss på, att ham-<br />na på någon af dessa öar och begriper du<br />ej, att stormen kunde stjelpa din lilla båt."<br />Alltid hamnar man någonslädes, och det gör mig<br />lika, om stormen ock skulle föra mig till<br />Matvájeff."</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p>The Samoyeds are fearless. They travel to Novaja Zemlja in small boats, and do not seem to understand that there is any danger. I once talked with a Samoyed and asked if he had no fear of storms and bad weather. “If there will be a storm,” said the Samoyed, “there are also other islands, and I do not care if I end up on Novaja Zemlja or on Vajgač.” “But it could happen,” I continued, “that you end up on other islands than Novaja Zemlja or Vajgač.” “There are other islands, such as Dolgoj,” continued Samoyed. “Are you sure that you could land on any of these islands and don’t you understand that the storm could sink your little boat?” “You always land somewhere, and I would not care if the storm brought me to Matveev.”</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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2dabfc51c86572537970d0871fa0026d
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Ethnographiska, Historiska och Statistiska Anmärkningar
Text
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Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 147
Description
An account of the resource
<p></p>
<table class="invisible-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">Samojedd[er]. äro mycket omtåliga och mistänks[amma]. För ett<br />snedt ord gifva de den största fördel till spillo.</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p>The Samoyeds are very impatient and are mistrustful. They can waste a large deal for only one angry word.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">Samojj.[Samojeder] stå bland Ryssar i högt ans[eende].<br />för sin andliga capacitet. De äro<br />mkt[mycket] begripl[iga]. och öfvertr[äda]. derföre vid<br />allm[änt]. lärowerk andra lärjungar. I s[ynner]het<br />hafva de alla en afgjord färdighet<br />att skrifwa.</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p>The Russians esteem the Samoyeds highly for their spiritual capacities. They are very clever and therefore they usually outperform the other students. They share a definite skill in writing.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/files/original/f3b31d4662d74bf9d20dee630cc1ffba.jpg
d55f4ca560900dbda43c31dca9d52f83
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ethnographiska, Historiska och Statistiska Anmärkningar
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 148
Description
An account of the resource
<p></p>
<table class="invisible-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">Liksom Lapparne iaktaga äfven Samojederne den<br />sed, <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">att du främma</span> emot en främmande, att han<br />ledes att sitta på högra sidan om spiseln vid vär-<br />den och
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> värdinnan. </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">The Nenets tent is divided into two halves by a virtual line crossing the tent from the door to the back, TN <i>сиʹ</i>. The right-hand side is the men’s side and is higher in social status, whereas the left-hand side is the women’s and children’s. (Chomič 1966: 108–109; Stammler 2005: 85–87; Golovnev, Kukanov & Perevalova 2018: 216–237)</div>
</div>
Legafolket och barnen<br />sitta på den venstra sidan.</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">Like the Lapps, the Samoyeds also follow the custom that you set the stranger to sit on the right-hand side of the hearth beside the host and the hostess. The workers and the children sit on the left-hand side.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">Emedan Samojederne äro vana att föra ett <span style="text-decoration: underline;">stilla sittande</span><br />lif, kunna deras ben ej härda ut att hellst nå-<br />gra minuter stå upprätt. Äro de nödsakade att stå,<br /><span style="text-decoration: line-through;">iaktaga de då</span> stödja de sig vanligtvis mot nå-<br />gon vägg. Annars fråga de, om de ej an-<br />lofligt att sitta.</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p>Because the Samoyeds are used to sitting and to a still life, their bones cannot endure standing upright even for a few minutes. If they are forced to stand, then they usually lean on a wall. Otherwise they ask if they could sit down.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">Wana att gå mycket försiqtigt i sin kåta, iaktaga de<br />samma försigtighet in i hus. De gå i en lutande<br />ställning och stiga på tårna.</td>
<td style="width: 214px;"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/files/original/4da532857f2267a45a8d804f3cd3bb98.jpg
e9e656f65c5c0f7b4109496e044b240c
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ethnographiska, Historiska och Statistiska Anmärkningar
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
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Title
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Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 155
Description
An account of the resource
<p></p>
<table class="invisible-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">Gängse sjukdomar bland Samojeder och Ostjaker<br />äro: <span style="text-decoration: underline;">venerisk smitta</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">lepra</span> och <span style="text-decoration: underline;">skörbjugg</span>.</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p>Common diseases among the Samoyeds and Ostyaks are venereal infection, leprosy, and scurvy.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/files/original/85700845e8a822decf8932aa11e2f652.jpg
c920ae1c67563073e845987eb478fb15
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
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Ethnographiska, Historiska och Statistiska Anmärkningar
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 169
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An account of the resource
<p></p>
<table class="invisible-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Cap. 6</span><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Urier, en ryktbar Tadibé.</span><br />
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> Urier </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">According to the travelogue, Castrén noted the narrative down from a female TN <i>тадебя</i> he met while travelling by boat from Kolva to the east in 1843. He also related the narrative in his letter to Collan (Castrén 2019: 513–515), and it ended up in his published travelogue, too (1852: 243, 270–274). The tale is of interest for Castrén because of its mythic nature and because it relates to the living environment of the Nenets and its history. Lehtisalo noted down a similar narrative in Mezenʹ and in the lower Obʹ area (Lehtisalo 1924: 78, 139).</div>
</div>
beslöt att fara till himlen, och taga med sig<br />sina tvenne hustrur, af hvilka den sednare hustrun<br />hade barn, men den förstgifta var barnlös. Urier<br />befalte sina hustrur att sy åt sig och hvardera<br />sjelf nya kläder. Intet gammalt stycke, ej ens<br />ett förut nyttadt band skulle få finnas i kläderna.<br />Kläderna voro färdiga och Ur[ier]. begifver sig uppåt.<br />Renarne stadna på wägen. Urier inser, att hans befall-<br />ning ej blifvit åtlydd och frågar af hustrurna, <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">om något</span><br />hvarföre man icke åtlydt hans befallning. Den sednare<br />hustrun svarar, att det smärtat henne lemna barnen<br />efter sig ock samt att derföre insydt ett gammalt band.<br /><span style="text-decoration: line-through;">Då lät</span> Urier lat henne fara ned till jorden <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">och</span>; sjelf<br />for han med den första hustrun till himlen och kör<br />der ofvan på molnen, så att dånet höres ända<br />till jorden. Stället defr.[derifrån] han begaf sig till himlen,<br />visas ännu i dag på Uralska bergen och kallas<br />Uriers шопка. Sjelfva Ural <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">skall hafva</span> bär<br />fått sitt namn efter honom.</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<div id="tadibé">
<p>Chapter VI</p>
Urier, a famous <i>Tadibé</i>.
<p>Urier decided to go to heaven and take his two wives with him. The second wife had children, but the one he had married first was childless. Urier commanded the wives to sew new clothes for himself and themselves. No old piece, not even a ribbon previously used, would be allowed to be in the clothes.The clothes were finished and Urier got up. The reindeer were standing ready. Urier realised that he had not been obeyed and asked the wives why they had not followed his orders. The second wife replied that it hurt her to leave the children and that she therefore sewed an old ribbon into the clothes. Urier let her go down to the earth and he himself went with his first wife to heaven and drove there over the clouds, so that the rumble was heard on the earth. From there he went to heaven, and even today he appears on the Ural Mountains and it is called Urier’s slope. The Urals themselves are named after him.</p>
</div>
</td>
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https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/files/original/b0c18bb6bb38ce03c96cc4026b39713f.jpg
b646ec6e46433aef3ced73ffa4cc4f02
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Ethnographiska, Historiska och Statistiska Anmärkningar
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 170
Description
An account of the resource
<p></p>
<table class="invisible-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">
<div id="jugorskijsar">På
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> Waigats </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">Vajgač Island (TN Хэхэʹ я, Хэбидя я) in the Pečora Sea at N70°1′13″ E59°28′56″. (TS, KL)</div>
</div>
finnes en såkallad<br /><span style="text-decoration: line-through;">Petschora</span>
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"><span class="add" title="addition">пещера</span></span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">Bolvanskij Nos (TN Хэхэʹ саля) is a high cliff face with an open cave situated at the southern end of the island. The sacrificial place situated on the hill is also called TN Вэсако ‘Old man’, and it is further described on page 180. [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1905#hähensaljeh">180: Hähe salje</a>] (Schrenk 1848: 353–354; Islavin 1847; 114–118; Bojarskij 2000: 80)</div>
</div>
tvenne пещеры, - en på <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Югорскiй шаръ</span><br />(ej stor), vid sjelfva hafstranden. Den<br />andra i mitten af <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Waigats</span>, ifrån 4 arschin bred;
<div id="bolvanskajareka">till 1 arschin, löper 300 saschen till en <br />flod, kld[kallad]
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> Болванская река.</span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">The Bolvanskaja reka (TN Хэхэ' яха). A river flowing in the canyon between Bolʹšaja bolvanskaja gora and Malaja bolvanskaja gora. Castrén is here referring to what was later called the sacrificial place of the Bolʹšaja Bolvanskaja hill, situated in the highest place of the island. The place is also known as TN Хадако or Небяʹ хэхэ. According to Bojarskij, there is a long and deep cleft in the northern side of the place, “resembling a womb”.</div>
</div>
Vid denna<br />пещера finnes stenen, den tillbedes, ej<br />пещ[ера]. såsom mga[många] qvartar. Stället der <br />omkring var fordom <br />jemt och glatt; derefter infann sig<br />dervid en sten af särdeles msklig[mänsklig]<br />skepnad,</div>
<span style="color: grey;">«Efter skepnaden af dna[denna] sten göra de <br />nu Gudabilder af träd.»</span> <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">åt</span> den äras som Gud, deråt offras<br />renar <span class="add" title="addition">genom strypning</span> <span style="color: grey;">«När renen blifvt strypt, slås den i flottet<br />ges och rökes (brännes) för bolvanen, som ock<br />bestrykes med renblod. Vid bestrykningen<br />buga de sig tre ggn[gånger] för bilden. Offret göres<br />till återvinnande af helsa, för god fångst etc. På sna[sådana]<br />sätt offras för träd-beläten.»</span> och stenen bestrykes med renblod.</div>
</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">There are two so-called <i>peščery</i> in <span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica">Waigats</span>, one in Jugorskij šarʹʹ (not large), by the very seashore. The other in the middle of <span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica">Waigats</span>, from four to one arschin wide, runs 300 saschen to a river, called Bolvanskaja reka. At this <i>peščera</i>, there is a stone, which is worshipped, not a peščera, as in many other caves. The place around the place used to be even and smooth; then a stone with a human form appeared. <span style="color: grey;">«</span><span style="color: grey;">Nowadays, they make images of gods of trees following the shape of this stone.»</span>
<p>it [the stone] is worshipped as a God; they sacrifice strangled reindeer to it. </p>
<span style="color: grey;">«When the reindeer has been strangled, it is beaten; the fat is given and smoked (burned) for bolvanen, which are also spread with reindeer blood. When spreading the blood, they genuflect three times to the image. The sacrifice is made for the recovery of health, for a good catch, etc. They sacrifice in a similar way for tree idols.»</span>
<p>and the stone is spread with reindeer blood.</p>
</td>
</tr>
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https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/files/original/f74d71083dc510a5921009e3b1a63d45.jpg
baf5de09b14538c8cacdde0c80c43215
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ethnographiska, Historiska och Statistiska Anmärkningar
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
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Title
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Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 171
Description
An account of the resource
<table class="invisible-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">
<div id="när"></div>
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> När </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">Here Castrén is describing short sacrificial prayers, typical of the Nenets rituals, which can take place either in the tundra or in the camp. As seen, the sacrifices can be related, for example, to luck in livelihood and health. In the prayer, the spirit in question is briefly addressed. For similar prayers, see Lehtisalo 1947: 547–550.</div>
</div>
Samojeden bugande sig för bilden,<br />begär <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">de då</span> af Guden till ex.<br />en god fångst, <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">med</span> yttrar han följande ord:<br />
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> Хан-есей тапте-нумь, туэтао ани бона, <br />тысемъ хатангу выя масанъ-ди, айвахаюда,</span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">TN <i>Ханесэй табʺта Нум, туетав аниʹ пона, тымʹ хаданнгу, вэя’ масан’’-диʹ, нгэва хаюда</i> ʻWhen Num gives prey, I will pray next year, I will kill a reindeer, smear its blood [on the idol], leave the head.’ (RL, Tas, KL)</div>
</div>
- богъ дасть промысель, олень зо-<br />давю, на новыи годъ стану молиться<br />и кровю вымажу, рога и голова останутся. <br />Vid sjukdom:
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica">Нян адимда соумбадамъ тымь ха тангу, хатко выемъ масангу, айва хаюда нямъ савой,</span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">TN <i>Нян адимда, савумдабaмʹ, тымʹ хаданггув, хадкo вэямʹ масанггу, нгэваʹ хаюда, нямдсавэй</i> ʻIf I get better, I will kill a reindeer, definitely smear its blood [on the idol], and leave the head and antlers.’ (RL, TaS, KL)</div>
</div>
id. теперь не могу, если поправлюсь, олень задавлю, кро-вю вымажу, голова съ рогами оста-нутся.</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p>When a Samoyed bows to an image and asks the god for, for example, a good catch, he utters the following words:</p>
<i>Хан-есей тапте-нумь, туэтао ани бона, тысемъ хатангу выя масанъ-ди, айвахаюда</i>. ʻWhen Num gives prey, I will pray next year, I will kill a reindeer, smear its blood [on the idol], leave the head.’ <br />In the event of illness: <i>Нян адимда соумбадамъ тымь ха тангу, хатко выемъ масангу, айва хаюда нямъ савой</i>. ʻIf I get better, I will kill a reindeer, definitely smear its blood [on the idol], and leave the head and antlers.’ <br /><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div id="renen">
<div id="bolvan">När
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> renen </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">As implied, a reindeer is not always sacrificed. A sacrifice without a sacrificial animal is called TN <i>хаңор</i>, whereas TN <i>ханʹ</i> denotes a ritual with an animal sacrifice. A sacrificial reindeer is traditionally killed by strangling it. Typically, the idols are fed with blood or fat, which are spread on the idol, but cooked food can also be served to an idol. In addition, reindeer skulls and antlers are left in the place (Chomič 1977).</div>
</div>
strypes för
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> bolvanen, </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">Ru <i>bolvan</i> ʻidol’ was widely used in the North to denote the different kinds of images of deities among the northern indigenous peoples. TN <i>сядэй</i> and <i>хэхэ</i> would correspond to ‘bolvan’. Of these, <i>сядэй</i> refers explicitly to the images, whereas <i>хэхэ</i> is a more general category referring to objects and phenomena related to the other world. <i>Хэхэ</i> is also used to denote family-related idols. Generally, the images of deities can be made of wood or stone. They can be remarkable stones in the middle of the tundra or bigger man-made anthropomorphic carvings. These are usually offered to when they are met in the tundra. Additionally, there are smaller images that are carried along either in TN <i>хэхэʹ хан</i> or inside clothes and left in sacred places. (Lehtisalo 1924: 147–148; Lehtisalo 1956: 431; Chomič 1966: 199–208; Lar 2004)</div>
</div>
yttras härvid<br />endast:
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> Hui, tör djamaei, tör mue',</span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">TN <i>Хoй, тэр тямэйʺ, тэр мыʺ</i> ʻHow, here’s the reindeer, take the reindeer!’ (RL, TaS, KL)</div>
</div>
<br />ой вотъ тебе олень, возми олень.<br />
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> Qvinnor </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">This could go back to the complex of TN <i>сяʺмэй</i> [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1867#women">Qvinnor</a>].</div>
</div>
äro ej närv[arande] vid offringen.<br />Samojederne släpa en
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> släda </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">TN <i>хэхэʹ хан</i> ʻsacred sledge’. A special sledge for the religious items of the family, especially different TN <i>хэхэʹ</i> ʻidols’, and other ritual necessities. During the movement of the camp, <i>хэхэʹ хан</i> comes behind the head of the camp. In the camp, <i>хэхэʹ хан</i> is placed behind the tent and its sacred place, TN <i>си</i>, drawing an imaginary line that the women should not cross. (Chomič 1966: 206; Golovnev, Kukanov & Perevalova 2018: 214–215)</div>
</div>
full (30-40) med<br />bolvaner.</div>
</div>
</td>
<td>When a reindeer is strangled for the bolvan, they only say: <i>Hui, tör djamaei, tör mue'</i> ʻHow, here’s the reindeer, take the reindeer!’
<p>Women are not present at the sacrifice.</p>
<p>The Samoyeds drag a sledge full (30-40) of bolvaner.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="text-decoration: line-through;">Vid offrning</span> Man offrar hufvudet och klöfvarne,<br />äter köttet på stället.</td>
<td>When sacrificing one offers the head and the hooves; the meat is eaten on the spot.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/files/original/3f3c3bbfdf4aa5bb693f89842f553b43.jpg
d202f54c4cb880f7d73bb08fcc8b9bbb
Dublin Core
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Ethnographiska, Historiska och Statistiska Anmärkningar
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Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 172
Description
An account of the resource
<p></p>
<table class="invisible-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">
<div id="döde">
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> Den döde </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">Castrén’s description of burial customs corresponds to other contemporary descriptions. The deceased are said to be buried in their own clothes in wooden coffins that only seldom get buried underground. The deceased is equipped with everyday utensils and a sledge, which are all broken during the ritual. Additionally, reindeer slaughtered near the burial place are given to the deceased. Consequently, their life is thought to continue in the hereafter. när (Lepehin 1805: 116–118, 257; Islavin 1847: 135–139; Schrenk 1848: 522-523; also Chomič 1966: 217–222; 1977: 24–28) See also [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1900#hähe">Hähe</a>] and [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1904#döda">den döda</a>].</div>
</div>
begrafves i den klädnad han<br />har på sig, då han dog <span class="add" title="addition">i en ambar af träd, dere</span> lägges,<br />blott de kläder, den döda <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">bär</span> sednast<br />bar på sig, så ock en sked, och ett fat.</div>
</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p></p>
The deceased is buried in the clothing he was wearing when he died, in a shed made of boughs. Only the clothes the deceased last wore, and also a spoon and a dish, are laid in the shed.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;"><span style="text-decoration: line-through;">Ofvan grafven bygges en ambar af tre,<br />dervid</span> <span class="add" title="addition">Wid ambaren</span> lemnas hans släde, skiljes från<br />släden ders medor och головки för<br />att man ej må taga dem. Harjej-stån-<br />gen <span class="add" title="addition">jemte spjutet</span> lemnas ock vid <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">grafven</span> <span class="add" title="addition">ambaren</span> (spjutet)</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p>By the shed, one leaves his sledge, whose runners and golovki are taken away because they must not be taken by others. The <i>harjej</i>-pole, together with a spear, is also left at the shed.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">I qvinnors graf dets[amma]. som i mannens<br /><span style="text-decoration: line-through;">i ambaren</span><span><span style="color: grey;"> «dessutom pengar, räfvar, псець m.m., om den döde varit rik.»</span></span><br />jernet, hvarpå elden<br />brinner, (sked, skål); vid grafven<br />släde och harjej.</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p>Women’s graves are similar to men’s.</p>
<span style="color: grey;">«also money, fox, Arctic fox pelts, etc., if the deceased was rich.»</span>
<p>the iron plate upon which the fire burns (spoon, bowl); at the grave sledge and <i>harjej</i>.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/files/original/de218284cf3ca78b5cb6b6df2fece1db.jpg
f2a8a991a86ad910467417c64bcdf0eb
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
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Ethnographiska, Historiska och Statistiska Anmärkningar
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Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 173
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<p></p>
<table class="invisible-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">Likasom enl[igtt]. traditionen
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> Urier </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">See also Castrén 2019: 480, 515.</div>
</div>
uppsteget<br />till himlen, så är bland Samojederne<br />ännu i dag den tron rådande, att<br />mskor[människor] lefvande uppstiga till de öfre<br />rymderne. Så hände nyligen på Bol-<br />schesemelske tundran, när en Prest<br />andaktsfullt förtäljde om Elias<br />som Gud för hs[hans] fromhets skull<br />lefvande till sig upptog, att en<br />Samojed yttrade: "Hvad är detta<br />för under du taljer? Min bror<br />for ock nyligen till himlen."</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">As in the tradition that Urier went up to heaven, so the Samoyeds believe even today that people can go to the upper spaces. This happened recently in the Bolshezemelskaja tundra; when a priest devoutly spoke about Elijah, whom God, because of his piety, took alive to himself, a Samoyed said: “What is this you are talking about? My brother also recently went to heaven.”</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/files/original/fb4f87a1bf70ffa1c1a37be823821f85.jpg
12d1423c88b6391b680b8c7e5ea31681
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
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Ethnographiska, Historiska och Statistiska Anmärkningar
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
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Title
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Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 174
Description
An account of the resource
<p></p>
<table class="invisible-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> Bolvaner </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">Here, Castrén is denoting the TN <i>сядэй</i> that the Nenets carry with themselves. See also [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1896#bolvan">bolvan</a>]</div>
</div>
äro klädda. Af dem finnas<br />manliga och qvinliga, de förs[tnämda]. äro<br />soml[iga]. klädda i mans andra i qvinno-<br />kläder, mössa, ringar och hvarjehanda<br />prydnaden.</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p>Bolvans wear clothes. They can be of male and female sex; the first are dressed in men’s clothes, the second in women’s, a hat, rings, and every kind of decoration.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">Bolvaner finnas för särskilda ända-<br />mål (drf[derföre] deras stora antal) <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">somliga</span><br />1) för vackert väder 2) för lycklig fångst<br />3) för helsa; 4) för trolldom <span class="add" title="addition">om ngt förlorats</span> 5) för skilna saker.</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p>There are bolvans for different purposes (which explains their large number): 1) for beautiful weather; 2) for a good catch; 3) for health; 4) for witchcraft if something is lost; 5) for different things.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">När Samoj[eden].
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> offrar, </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">See [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1896#renen">renen</a>].</div>
</div>
afskär han först öronen och kastar<br />för idoler, för <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">att</span> <span class="add" title="addition">lycklig</span> fångst. Afdraga huden, öppna<br />buken, bestryka idolernes anleten med blod. Lägga<br />lefver, lunga, feta etc. i ett <span class="add" title="addition">färsk</span> fat <span class="add" title="addition">för hvarje idol</span> och och sätta<br />den framför Gudabilden. Wäntar en half timma, bort-<br />tager faten och börja sjelfva äta ur faten. <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">Derpå</span><br />Sedan i fatet intet återstår, börjar man äta<br />återstaden af renen. Qvinnor få hvid ej<br />vara när tillst[ädes]. Slut[ligen]. kokas en gryta, på fältet<br />åt qvinnor bringas, hvad som återstår, till tältet.</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p>When a Samoyed makes a sacrifice, he first cuts off the ears and throws them to the idols, for a good catch. He then peels off the skin, opens the underside, and spreads blood onto the faces of the idols. He lays the liver, lungs, fat, etc. in a clean dish for each idol and and puts them in front of the images of the god. After having waited half an hour, he takes the dishes away and starts eating out of the dishes himself. When nothing remains in the dish, they start eating the remainder of the reindeer. Women are not allowed to be nearby. Finally, they cook [the rest] in a pot outside. What remains is brought to the tent for the women.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/files/original/c65092d97aaf7bf2aee6f2461d7510a4.jpg
62169e93877feef2fad25e499276eb7e
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Ethnographiska, Historiska och Statistiska Anmärkningar
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
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Title
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Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 175
Description
An account of the resource
<table class="invisible-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<div id="hähe">Då en Samojed aflidt, gör man en
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Hähé,</span> </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">A special term, TN <i>сидяңг</i>, <i>сидряңг</i>, or TN <i>ңытарма</i>, is known for these images. Here, TN <i>хэхэ</i> is used as a general category, whereas <i>сидряңг</i> can denote both the shadow soul that leaves the body as a human or non-human animal dies and the image made to communicate with the soul; <i>ңытарма</i> tends to denote only the latter. The idea of this anthropomorphic figure is to materialise the recently deceased so that they can live together with the family. They are dressed, fed, and talked to and kept in the sleeping space of the tent and after some years, they are moved to live with the other images in the TN <i>сиʹ</i> or TN <i>хэхэʹ хан</i>. There is regional and temporal variation, depending on who these images are made of and how long they are communicated with. (Lehtisalo 1924: 140–143; Chomič 1977) See also [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1897#döde">Den döde</a>] and [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1904#döda">den döda</a>].</div>
</div>
</div>
som under trenne års tid äras uti tältet<br />i stället för den aflidne. Hvarje g[ån]g man<br />äter, framsättes äfven <span style="text-decoration: line-through;"> ett</span> föda för <span style="text-decoration: underline;">hähe</span>.<br />Om dagarne sitter han påklädd i tältet<br />men till natten afkläder man honom<br />och bringer honom till hvila. Efter<br />de tre årens förlopp kastas bolvanen i<br />likkistan bredvid den döde.</td>
<td>When a Samoyed dies, one makes a <i>Hähe</i> who is honoured for three years outside the tent instead of the deceased. Every time they eat, they also make food for the hähe. During the day he sits dressed in the tent but at night they undress him and let him rest. After three years, the bolvan is thrown in the coffin next to the deceased.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/files/original/b1ac01547cdb0c91898034e1841e4cd6.jpg
a8d8b7d8215e5d03030f2c7453eac679
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Ethnographiska, Historiska och Statistiska Anmärkningar
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 176
Description
An account of the resource
<p></p>
<table class="invisible-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">Björnen hålles
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> helig. </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">The ambiguous nature of both brown (TN <i>варк</i>) and white (TN <i>сэрʹ варк</i>) bears is reflected in the multitude of circumlocutions such as TN <i>париденя</i>, <i>педарэй</i>, <i>панэда парико</i>, <i>ваңгутана мэна</i>, <i>ири</i>, <i>хэбидя</i>, and <i>сэрʹ</i>, <i>явы</i> respectively. The restrictions related to women are in line with the practices described in [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1867#women">Qvinnor</a>]. (Chomič 1976: 26)</div>
</div>
En qvinna får ej åka i en rensläde,<br />om någon af renarne har en <lämka> af björnskinn.</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p>The bear is considered to be sacred. A woman is not allowed to ride in a reindeer sledge if any of the reindeer have a bearskin <-->.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">Björnens
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> kött </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">See also Chomič 1966: 135.</div>
</div>
ätes alltid rå. Före måltiden tvås sig <---></td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p>Bear meat is always eaten raw. Before the meal, they wash themselves <---></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">Wid ders strupe aflägges
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> ed. </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">Taking an oath by the bear is also mentioned, in addition to ethnographic sources, also in documents related to colonial administration. (Perevalova 2019: 44-45)</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p>An oath is taken by the throat of the bear.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">Samojj.[Samojeder] taga alldrig lifvet af möss. Somliga<br />hålla före, att bröstet skall verka häraf, an-<br />dra åter mena, att räfvar och fjällrackor då<br />ej låta fånga sig, ty dessa djur lifnära sig<br />med möss.</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p>Samoyeds never take the lives of mice. Some point out that it would have an impact on the chest; others say that foxes and Arctic foxes would not allow themselves to be captured, as these animals feed on mice.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/files/original/0bf69ad16bb2eb56729596160da1cc79.jpg
764f46d3063f09cb0aa0f3f8b3372ace
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Title
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Ethnographiska, Historiska och Statistiska Anmärkningar
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
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Title
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Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 177
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<p></p>
<table class="invisible-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">
<div id="num">Renhufvudet, som offras åt
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> Num </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">TN <i>Нум</i> is the heavenly deity, a creator god whose opposite is TN <i>ңа</i>, an earthly deity. (Chomič 1977: 5–7; See also Castrén 1853: 13–18).</div>
</div>
ställes på en stör.<br />Ostjakerne lagga det i ett tråg, v.f.</div>
</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">The reindeer head, which is sacrificed to Num, is placed on a pole. The Ostyaks put it in a trough; see above.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">
<div id="jillsi">Då man medelst
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">jillsi</span> </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">TN <i>ильця</i>, ʻtwo objects leaning on each other used by a shaman for foretelling or in discussing with the deceased (for example a partly empty glass of water covered with a knife; two axes or knives whose metal parts lean together)’ (Теrеščеnko 2003 [1965: 143).</div>
</div>
vill taga reda på en förlo-<br />rad ren, frågas råd af
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Häheh.</span></span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">TN <i>хэхэ</i> ʻidol, sacred’. See [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1896#bolvan">bolvan</a>].</div>
</div>
- Vid <span style="text-decoration: underline;">jillsi</span> ställes<br />en slipsten å marken, derå ett eldstål, en yxe,<br />eller ngt[något] <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">jern (stål</span> dylikt.</div>
</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p>When one wants to find out about a lost reindeer through performing a</p>
jillsi, one asks for advice from <i>Häheh</i>. When performing a <i>jilsi</i>, a grindstone is set on the ground, together with the iron plate that is kept under the fire, an axe, or something similar.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> Tadibén </span></span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">See [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1869#tadibe">Tadibe</a>].</div>
</div>
radfrågas, hvar man kunde göra<br />en lycklig fångst, hvilken dag fångsten lyckligt<br />afloper och mera dylikt.</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p><i>Tadibé</i> is asked where one could get a lucky catch, on what day the catch would be lucky, and the like.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">Hvad <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Num</span> sänder, kan Tadibeen ej ändra, hvad<br />som härflyter från onda mskor[människor], sådant kan hjlepas.</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p>What Num sends, <i>Tadibe</i> cannot change; what flows from evil men, with that he can help.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">
<div id="förentadibe">
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> För en Tadibe </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">Here, Castrén is summarising two shamanic belief narratives, which are intrinsic part of shamanism (Lukin 2012). See also [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1903#tadibe">en tadibe</a>] and a similar narrative published in [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/collections/show/34">Samojediska sagor.</a>]</div>
</div>
insjuknade hans dotter. Bröstet vär-<br />kte Tadib[en]. uppskar bröstet och uttog deri-<br />från en ryttare af jern, sittande på en jernhäst med lung<br />i handen. En annan tog ur bröstet en pil.</div>
</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p><i>Tadibe’s</i> daughter fell ill. Her chest ached; <i>Tadibe</i> cut the breast and took out an iron rider, sitting on an iron horse with her lung in his hands. Another took an arrow from her chest.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">Hos en Ostjak förlorades en yxe. Tadiben
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica">slog [k]ydes, </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">Russian <i>kud</i>, <i>kudes</i> ʻevil spirit, devil’ from which <i>kudesnik</i> ʻmagician, sorcerer’. Veniamin (1855: 117–118, 128–129) also uses the expression <i>bit’ kudes</i>; <i>udarit’ neskol’ko raz v penzer – baraban</i> ʻto beat kudes, to hit the penzer-drum a few times’. TN <i>пензерʹʹ</i> ʻтадебя’s drum'.</div>
</div>
<br />och yxen nedföll rakt från molnen.</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">An axe was lost by an Ostyak. <i>Tadibe</i> hit <i>kydes</i>, and the axe fell straight from the clouds.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">När en Samojed om morgonen uppstiger och går<br />ur tältet, vänder han sig mot solen, yttrande:<br />
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica">Jileumbaertje, Jileumbaertje (заря)<br />Pudar (uut) jilen Как ты станешь,<br />Manj (uut) jileham Такъ и мы станемъ.</span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">TN <i>Илевямбэртя, Илевямбэртя Пудар (нгод) илен Мань илехам’</i> ʻJiljevjambertja, Jiljevjambertja As you rise, so we rise.ʻ See [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1978#Jileumbartje">Jileumbartje</a>] (RL, TaS, KL)</div>
</div>
<p>Om aftonen, när han går till hvila, ställer han sig<br />med ansigtet mot aftonrodnaden och yttrar:</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p>When a Samoyed gets up in the morning and goes out of the tent, he turns to the sun, uttering:</p>
<i>Jileumbaertje, Jileumbaertje</i> (dawning) <br /><i>Pudar (uut) jiden</i> ’As you rise’<br /><i>Manj (uut) jideham</i> ‘So we rise.’
<p>In the evening, when he goes to rest, he stands up with his face towards the evening dusk and utters:</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/files/original/255b3aed51d77c20ab2be445649d0087.jpg
782148fe233a97c7b52c01d2d88a16b9
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ethnographiska, Historiska och Statistiska Anmärkningar
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 178
Description
An account of the resource
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p><br /><br /></p>
<table class="invisible-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> Jileumbaertje<br />Heunzer (t)seejeh, какъ ты потухъ<br />Manj hoonumjum Такъ и я спать стану.<br /></span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">TN <i>Илевямбэртя Ханзер сея Мань хонумюмʹ</i> ʻJiljevjambertja As you go out I go to bed.ʻ See [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1978#Jileumbartje">Jileumbartje</a>] (RL, TaS, KL)</div>
</div>
</td>
<td>
<p><i>Jileumbaertje</i> <br /><i>Heunzer (t) seejeh</i> ‘As you go outʹ’<br /><i>Manj hoonumjum</i> ‘I go to bed.’</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica">Болванскiя шопки</span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">Bolvanskaja sopka ʻBolvan hill’ is a Russian term for Nenets sacred places that have wooden or stone idols and traces of sacrifices in them. The kinds of hills are often clearly distinguishable from the environment by their shape and they are often also named beautiful or pleasant, as Castrén does here. TN <i>хэбидяʹ я</i> or <i>хэхэʹ я</i>.</div>
</div>
kallas ställen der Samo-<br />jedernes Gudabilder förut stått. De äro vanl[igen].<br />mycket angenäma ställen.<br /><br /></td>
<td style="width: 214px;">Bolvanskija šopki is the name of the places where the Samoyed idols stood before. They are often very pleasant places.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div id="tadibe"><span style="text-decoration: line-through;">Om någon</span>
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> En tadibe </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">Shamanic belief narrative. See also note [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1902#f%C3%B6rentadibe">för en tadibe</a>] and [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/collections/show/34">Samojediska sagor 3</a>]</div>
</div>
lemnades på försök uppå en obe-<br />bodd hafsö. Man ser honom komma <span class="add" title="addition">derifrån</span> sittande på<br />vattnet, med en for seglande båtens<br />snabbhet.<br /><br /></div>
</td>
<td>A <i>Tadibe</i> was left on trial on an uninhabited island in the sea. They saw him coming from there sitting on the water, with the speed of a sailing boat.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Fordnade Tadibeerne kunde se och wisa åt andra<br />lunga och andra <span class="add" title="addition">mvartes[människovarelsers] delar hos</span> lefvande varelser.</td>
<td>
<p>The ancient <i>Tadibes</i> could see and show to other men parts of the lungs and other parts of living human beings.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Bolvaner ställas <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">mot östen</span> med<br />ansigtet mot vester.</td>
<td>Bolvans are set with their face pointing to the west.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Obs. Gudabilder af
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> 2 slag: </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">Here, Castrén’s explanation of the difference between the meaning of TN <i>сядэй</i> and TN <i>хэхэ</i> differs from what has been explicated by Chomič and Lehtisalo; see [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1896#bolvan">bolvan</a>] and [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1905#seadaej">saedaej</a>]. It is highly possible that the meaning of the words has not been and is not strict in practical usage.</div>
</div>
<br />1) <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Häheh</span>, med msklig[mänsklig] skepnad, alltid<br />påklädda hemma.<br /> </td>
<td>NB: Idols are of two kinds:
<p>1) <i>Hähe</i>, with a human shape, always dressed at home.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2) <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">Seädi</span> <span class="add" title="addition">Seadaei</span> <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">utan msklig[mänsklig] skepnad</span> ofullständig, utan<br />kläder - blott med spetsigt<br />hufvud, tecknade ögon etc. Ställas<br />på berg, höjden, vid fången etc.</td>
<td>
<p>2) <i>Seadaei</i>, incomplete, without clothes – only with a pointed head, marked eyes, etc. They are laid on mountains, heights, by the catch, etc.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/files/original/e22125762cc36f8ba5b1aaec2a9103b2.jpg
cefa5c5dc2a2803df3a61c85639b78d0
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ethnographiska, Historiska och Statistiska Anmärkningar
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 179
Description
An account of the resource
<p></p>
<table class="invisible-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">
<div id="döda">
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> Den döda </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">A similar habit is also described by Lepëchin (1805: 117, 257) and Schrenk (1848: 522–523) but Chomič (1966: 219–220) notes that there is regional variation. See also [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1897#döde">Den döde</a>] and [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1900#hähe">Hähe</a>].</div>
</div>
lägges i kistan med ansigtet<br />wandt åt jorden.<br /><br />När renen <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">slagtas, b</span>
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica">offras, </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">See [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1867#röka">röka</a>].</div>
</div>
bränner man<br />fettman.<br /><br />Samojederne tro att
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> v<span style="text-decoration: underline;">ede[r]gällningen </span></span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">Instead of ideas of restitution in the afterlife, the Nenets share conceptions of their life being predestined. (Chomič 1976: 21–22)</div>
</div>
skall för sig<br />gå på jorden. Så är den mening allmän, att om<br />en rik stjäl, så blir han fattig. Stjäl<br />en fattig, så dör han. (пропадаетъ).<br /><br />Samojederne hysa en helig wördnad för<br />
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> stenar </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">See [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1896#bolvan">bolvan</a>].</div>
</div>
och träd af ngn[någon] särd[särskild]. skepnad.</div>
</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p>The deceased is placed in the coffin with his face turned to the earth.</p>
When a reindeer is sacrificed, its fat is burnt.
<p>The Samoyeds believe that there will be compensation on earth. There is a general understanding that if a rich man steals, he becomes poor. If a poor man steals, he will die.</p>
The Samoyeds feel a sacred awe for stones and trees that are of a special shape.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/files/original/268353e8a3195d93be5f2a874dde1850.jpg
83da5102e4326be9c9f8cc294b0c6b04
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ethnographiska, Historiska och Statistiska Anmärkningar
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 180
Description
An account of the resource
<p></p>
<table class="invisible-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;"><span>På Waigats finnas tre offer stäl-</span><br /><span>len 1) Vid det sydvestliga näset,</span><br />
<div id="hähensaljeh">
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica">Hähen=saljeh, </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">Хэхэʹ саля ʻSacred cape’. The southern cave is situated near TN Вэсако, a seven-headed wooden idol linked to TN Хадако, another idol situated on the northern side of the island. As noted by Archimandrite Veniamin, who led the 1820s missionary campaign, over 400 idols situated near Вэсако were burnt and a cross was placed in the shrine instead. After a few years, the place again abounded in idols and reindeer skulls and antlers. (Veniamin 1855: 122–125; Veniamin 1850: 53; Schrenk 1848: 353–354; Borisov 1907: 89–104)</div>
</div>
2) Vid den nordvestlig ustje</div>
<br /><span><span>kallad</span></span>
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> Ja mal n G</span><span class="add" title="addition">H</span><span>ähe </span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">Яʹ малʹ хэхэ ʻEarth’s end idol’. There is no more knowledge available about this place. (Bojarskii 2000: 80–85)</div>
</div>
<span>- jord slutets Gud 3) Midt</span><br /><span>i landet på berget - kallad </span>
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> <span>Ja jeru Hähe,</span></span></span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">Яʹ ервʹ хэхэ ʻEarth’s host idol’. This could refer to TN Хадако; see [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1895#bolvanskajareka">Bolvanskaja reka</a>].</div>
</div>
<span> jordens</span><br /><span>herre-Hähe. Samojederne fara ofta afnytligt</span><br /><span>med båt öfver sundet </span>
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> <span>Jugorskoi Schar</span> </span></span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">The Yugorskij Strait, situated between the mainland and Vaigač. N69°41’41’’ E61°56’31’’. Similar knowledge about the seasonal movement of some Bolʹšezemelʹskaja Nenets between the mainland and Vajgač Island and the obligatory nature of sacrifices when crossing the strait, e.g. in Schrenk 1848: 347–363. See also [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1895#jugorskijsar">Югорский шар</a>].</div>
</div>
<br /><span>till Waigats för att offra åt </span>
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> <span>Saljén-Hähe,</span></span></span></span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">Саляʹ хэхэ ʻCape’s idol’. This refers to the sacrificial complex of TN Вэсако; see [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1905#hähensaljeh">Hähen-salje</a>].</div>
</div>
och föra dit renar. Mga[Många] Sa-<br /><span><span>mojeder</span></span>
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> nomadisera <span></span></span></span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">Several Nenets families were settled in Novaja Zemlja in the 19th century, when Russia wanted to strengthen its possession of the archipelago. The settlement was based on cooperation between the local Nenets and Russian Pomors: the Nenets would hunt and fish during the autumn, winter, and spring, and trade with the Pomors, who would arrive during the summer months. The traders had their own Nenets partners who would exchange furs for guns, ammunition, textiles, flour, sugar, and tea. They also traded with Norwegian hunters who visited Novaja Zemlja regularly (Lepëchin 1805: 140–152; Serebranny 1997: 304; Shrenk 1848: 362).</div>
</div>
<span>der om sommar</span><br /><span>och vintrar, promisla i hafvet</span><br /><span>fånga hvita björnar och alla slags</span><br /><span>горные; så ock vildren, de der</span><br /><span>från Novaja Semlja komma till</span><br /><span>Waigats - fara ock sommar-tiden</span><br /><span>på promisl till </span><span>Nova[ja]-Semlja</span><span>.</span></td>
<td style="width: 214px;">There are three sacrificial places in <span>Waigats</span>: 1) at the south-western point, Hähen=saljeh; 2) at the north-western river mouth called Ja mal Hähe – God of the earth’s end; 3) in the middle of the island on the mountain called Ja jeru Hähe, the earth’s host – Hähe. The Samoyeds often cross the strait of Jugorskoi Schar to Waigats by boat in order to sacrifice to Saljén-Hähe, and to bring reindeer there. Many Samoyeds nomadise there in the summer and winter, hunt in the sea, and catch polar bears and all kinds of mammals; also wild reindeer, which come to Vaigach from <span>Novaja Semlja</span> – they also travel to <span>Novaja Semlja</span> to hunt during the summertime.
<p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;"><span><span>NB.</span></span>
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> Seadaej; <span></span></span></span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">See [<a href="https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/items/show/1896#bolvan">bolvan</a>].</div>
</div>
<span>kallas en bolwan utan ma-<br />litsa, utan all prydnad, bolwanen i sin<br />nakenhet. Hähe är en beklädd bolvan.</span></td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<div id="seadaej">NB: <i>Seadaej</i> means a bolvan without a malitsa, without any decorations, a bolvan in his nudity. A <i>hähe</i> is a dressed bolvan.</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;"><span>Endast tadibeer tala med bolvanen</span></td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p>Only <i>tadibes</i> talk to bolvans.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/files/original/915cdde77fdc7f5bc43bf4bb9eab19c9.jpg
39d0c0488eacbf7d473746b2955a233a
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Ethnographiska, Historiska och Statistiska Anmärkningar
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
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Title
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Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 183
Description
An account of the resource
<p></p>
<table class="invisible-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">I Samojedernes sagor omtalas ofta
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"> Jordens nafvel</span>; <span></span></span></span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">See Castrén 1843c.</div>
</div>
visar<br />vägen åt förvillade. Han är liten som ett barn, med<br />grått skägg.<span><br /></span></td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p>In the narratives of the Samoyeds, the navel of the Earth is often mentioned; it shows the way to the lost. He is as small as a child, with a grey beard.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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https://www.sgr.fi/manuscripta/files/original/90acdb4c0fa1c0dbfe196503f703c3eb.jpg
4a7972c4840edfcf6840e66c4697e12a
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ethnographiska, Historiska och Statistiska Anmärkningar
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 184
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An account of the resource
<p></p>
<table class="invisible-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">I Samojederne äro blott till namnet
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> christna, <span></span></span></span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">Here, Castrén relies on Venianim’s knowledge. Archimandrite Veniamin was in charge of the Orthodox missionary work that took place in the European tundra of Russia in the 1820s and 1830s. During the work, most of the Nenets were baptised, new churches were built, and a few parishes founded. The discourse on the superficiality of Christianity among the Nenets goes through all the descriptions of the 19th century. (Veniamin 1855: 112–114, 71–72; Schrenk 1848: 408–412; Islavin 1847: 119–120; Chomič 1979: 15–18; Golovnev & Osherenko 1999: 53–59)</div>
</div>
hafva intet begrepp<br />om läran, iaktaga icke ens fastan, besöka knapt en gång om<br />året kyrkan. Af de Kaninska Samoj[eder]., som stå högst i bildning<br />kom ingen enda 1842 om Julen till kyrkan. Regeringen har an-<br />befallt att Samojedbarn skola på kronans bekostnad af<br />de Samojediska presterna uppfostras till barnalärare; men icke<br />ens den fattigaste Samojed lemna sina barn hos presten i
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> lära. <span></span></span></span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">Before the missionary work began, a school was founded for Nenets children in 1788. According to the reports of the priests, the Nenets were indeed unwilling to send their children to the schools and after four years, three had died and six had got sacked. (Veniamin 1850; Bazanov & Kaganski 1936: 20)</div>
</div>
<br />Det är föreskrifvit, att trenne i sender skola er-<br />hålla undervisning, men år 1842 fann på Kan[inska]. tundran blott<br />en enda lärjunge. Han var fader- och moder-lös samt hade<br />genom Земский Судъ blifvit anskaffad.<br /><span><br /></span></td>
<td style="width: 214px;">
<p>The Samoyeds are only superficially Christians; they have no idea about doctrine, do not even observe fasting, and go to church barely once a year. Of the Kanin Samoyeds, who stand highest in education, not a single one went to church at Christmas in 1842. The government has ordered that Samoyed children should, at the expense of the Crown, be raised by the Samoyed priests to be teachers of children; but not even the poorest Samoyed leaves their children with the priest at the school.</p>
<p>It has been decreed that three [children] at a time should receive teaching, but in 1842 there was only one pupil in the Kanin tundra. He was fatherless and motherless and had been acquired by <i>Zemskij Sud''</i>.</p>
<p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 222px;">Samojeden fasar för all bildning och lärdom. Sjelfva den saken att<br />sitta några timmar dagl[igen]. i en kammare och lära mig<br />sitt språk var för Samojj.[Samojeder] så mödosam, att jag hade svårighet<br />att ens g[enom] Земск[iй]. С[удъ]. erhålla ngn[någon] läromästare. Detta är för<br />Samoj[eden]. скучно, тоскливо. Derföre gjorde Samoj[eden]. med mig vanl[igen]. det<br />förbehåll, att han allt emellanåt skulle få en sup
<div class="tooltip-container-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"><span class="tooltip-trigger-ethnographica"> brännvin. <span></span></span></span>
<div class="tooltip-content-ethnographica">See also Castrén 2019: 426, 445–446; 453–454, 466–467.</div>
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<td style="width: 214px;">
<p>The Samoyed is terrified of all education and learning. The very matter of sitting for a few hours a day in a room and teaching me their language was so laborious for the Samoyeds that I had difficulty obtaining a teacher, even with the help of <i>Zemskij Sud''</i>. This is boring and tedious for the Samoyed. Therefore the Samoyed usually worked with me on condition that he would occasionally receive a drink of brandy.</p>
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6ca9163c49c07b68481d0d8f2a04f159
Dublin Core
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Ethnographiska, Historiska och Statistiska Anmärkningar
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Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 185
Description
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<span style="text-decoration: line-through;">Samojeder stå bland</span> Ryssar i
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542e709463fb79a8c77a963ebf76fb04
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Ethnographiska, Historiska och Statistiska Anmärkningar
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
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Ethnographiska, historiska och statistiska anmärkningar. 216
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An account of the resource
<p></p>
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<td style="width: 222px;">Cap. 7</td>
<td style="width: 214px;">Chapter VII</td>
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