HomeVerbal paradigms Taz

Verbal paradigms Taz

Contents

Editor’s introduction

The editor’s lexeme before each paradigm shows the phonologic form of the verb in that particular dialect, and contains a link to the base lexeme in the vocabulary.

Text in black is Castrén’s (original or translated into English, sometimes both, separated by a slash), text in grey is the editor’s.

Aorist

NB. The simple, undetermined aorist does not exist in the Taz dialect, but only preterite, e.g. tjaatesam (from tjaatam), temesam купил (from temam), njódesam гонил (not njoodam), kä̂ttesam ударил (not k͔ättam). Thereto there are lengthened forms on -jam, -tjam, -engam etc. The simple form is used only when present is expressed, however even then the ‹formation?› to -ngam is more common, e.g. weram or werengam. The conjugation of these tenses is very diverse and irregular. [Castrén means that the aorist suffix -ŋə- is visible in these dialects.] 412

ateldšengаm показал, for ateldšam, that is seldom used in Taz and Baiha dialects, although all forms are made from the simple form 391.

Common note: Those that lengthen the aorist through -nang (-m) [sic, ɔ: -ngang] [deleted: -jam, -tjam] form anyway the other modes and tenses from the simple form e.g. sangangam отведал: preterite sangasam: future sangaläpse: imperative sangad! But those that ‹lengthen?› through -tjam form modes and tenses from ‹each?› form, e.g. ittetjam: preterite ittesam or ittetjesam: future ítteläpse or ittetjeläpse, ittejeläpse: imperative ittäd or ittetjed! 418

Objective conjugation

Personal suffixes for objective conjugation 420

1.

1S -ám 2S -al 3S -et
1D -ei (Kar. -í) 2D -eli 3D -eti
1P -emen 2P -elen 3P -aden

2.

1S -am 2S -al 3S -îd or -enged
1D -ei (Kar. -í) 2D -ali or -îli or -engeli 3D -ati or -îti or -engeti
1P -ámen (Kar. -î́men) 2P -álen (Kar. -î́len) 3P -aden

3. -bam [= by duratives]

1S -am 2S -al 3S -at
1D -ei 2D -ali (-îli) 3D -ati (-îti)
1P -ámen 2P -álen 3P -áden

Fixed vowel stems

saŋa-

1S sangangam отведал 415 2S sangangal 3S sanganget
1D sangangei 2D -geli 3D -gedi
1P -gemen 2P -gelen 3P -gáden


mi-

1S míingam I gave it 412 2S míingal 3S míinged
1D míingei (Kar. -i) 2D míingeli 3D míingedi
1P míingemen 2P míingelen 3P míingáden


tū-

1S tuungam закрыл 412 2S tuungal 3S tuunged
1D tuungei 2D tuungeli etc.


k͔o-

1S koongam нашел 422 3S (subjective -nga)

Schwa stems

uərə-

1S weram держу 413 2S wueral 3S wuerenged
1D wuerei 2D (wueráli or) wuerengeli 3D wuerengedi
1P wuerámen 2P wuerálen 3P wueráden


ǖtə-

1S yytam I sent it 413 2S yytal 3S yytenged or yytîd
1D yytei 2D ýytali or ýytengeli 3D yytыti or yytengeti
1P ytámen 2P ytálen 3P yytáden


k͔āńə-

1S k͔aanjam закрыл 431 2S -njal 3S -njed
1D k͔aanjei 2D k͔aanjengeli


atəlčə-

1S ateldšengam I showed it 412 2S -engal 3S -enged
1D -engei 2D -engeli 3D -engeti
1P -engemen 2P -engelen 3P -engáden


muśərə-

1S mušeram I cooked it 413 2S -šeral 3S -šerenget or -šerîd
1D -šerei 2D -šerali (-rыli) or -rengeli 3D -šerati or -rengeti
1P -šerámen 2P -serálen 3P -ráden


i̮täćə-

1S ittétjăm I hang it up 413 2S ittétjal 3S ittétjenged or ittétjîd
1D ittétjei 2D ittétjîli or -ali or -étjengeli 3D -tjîdi? or -étjengedi
1P ittétjámen 2P ittétjálen 3P ittétjáden

[Desideratives:]

(From wuerám)

uəränčə-

1S wuerä́ndšam держу or держать хочу 419 2S -ndšal 3S -ndšenged or -ndšîd
1D -ndšei 2D -ndšîli or -ndšîngeli 3D -ndšî́ti or -ndšîngeti
1P -ndšámen 2P -ndšálen 3P -ndšáden


ǖtänčə-

1S yytä́ndam I’ll send it 414 2S -ä́ndšal 3S -ä́ndšenged, -dšîd
1D -ändšei 2D -ändšáli or -ä́ndšengeli 3D -ändšáti or -ä́ndšengeti
1P -ändšámen 2P -ändšálen 3P -ä́ndšáden


e̮təptänčə-

1S êteptendšam спрятаю 413 2S -ndšal 3S -ndšenged or -dšîd
1D êteptendšei 2D êtepténdšáli (-ыli) or -éndšengeli 3D -éndšáti or -endšengeti
1P -dšámen 2P -ndšálen 3P -ndšáden


(From kuendam унес 415)

k͔uənnänčə-

1S kuennä́ndšam унесу 2S kuennä́ndšal 3S kuennä́ndšenged
1D kuennändšei 2D kuennändšengeli etc.


(From apsetam кормил 415)

apsətänčə-

1S apsetä́ndšam кормить хочу 2S -tändšal 3S -tändšenged or -dšîd
1D -tändšei 2D -tändšengeli or -dšîli 3D -tändšengeti or -dšîti
1P -tändšámen 2P -dšálen 3P -dšáden


īčə-

1S iitam возьму (= iičam) 414 2S iital 3S itenget, idšenget
1D itei 2D itali or iitengeli 3D itengedi, iidšegedi [sic]
1P itámen 2P itálen 3P itaden

[Duratives:]

ork͔əlpə-

1S ork͔albam I hold it 414 2S ork͔albal 3S ork͔albat
1D ork͔albei (Kar. -lbí) 2D ork͔albáli 3D ork͔albáti
1P ork͔albámen 2P ork͔albálen 3P ork͔albaden


ćātəmpə-

1S tjaadambám закладивал 419 2S -bál 3S -bát
1D tjáadambei 2D tjáadambali 3D tjáadambati
1P -bámen 2P -bálen 3P -báden

Consonant stems

mirəŋ-

1S mirengnam продал 431 2S -gnal 3S -gnet
1D -gnei 2D -gneli etc.


pak͔ər-

1S pak͔arnam I dig it out 412 2S pak͔arnal 3S pak͔arned
1D pak͔arnnei (Kar. -ni) 2D pak͔arneli 3D pak͔arnedi
1P pak͔arnemen 2P pak͔arnelen 3P pak͔arnáden


i̮pk͔əl-

1S îpkalnam I pressed it 412 2S -lnal 3S -lned
1D -lnei (Kar. -lni) 2D -lneli 3D -lnedi
1P -lnemen 2P -lnelen 3P -lnáden


pēk͔əl-

1S peägalnam I searched it 420 2S -lnal 3S -lnet

Subjective conjugation

Personal suffixes for subjective conjugation 422

1.

1S -ang 2S -and 3S -x [read: zero]
1D -ei 2D -eli 3D -áǥ
1P -emen 2P -elen 3P -áden

Thus are conjugated all verbs on -nang (-nnang, -lnang, -njang, -ngang, -rnang etc.). All with low vowel in the first syllable, that become lengthened by -ng-, and ‹following?› have the accent on the first syllable.

2.

1S -ang 2S -and 3S -a
1D -ei (Kar. -i) 2D -ali 3D -áǥe
1P -ámen 2P -álen 3P -áden

Thus are conjugated all verbs that originally end on an unaccented vowel.

Fixed vowel stems

mōća-

1S mootjangang I limp 421 2S -ngand 3S -nga
1D -ngei 2D -ngeli 3D -ngáǥ
1P -ngemen 2P -ngelen 3P -áden


tǖ-

1S tyyngam [sic, -m] приду [ɔ: пришел] 420 2S tyyngand 3S tyynga
1D tyyngei 2D tyyngeli 3D tyyngáǥ
1P tyyngemen 2P tyyngelen 3P tyyngáden


[tū- itr. ‘to row’, confused with tū- tr. ‘to close’:]

1S tuungam [sic, -m] гребу 420 2S -gal [sic, -l] 3S -ged [sic, -d]
1D -gei 2D -geli 3D -gáge
1P -gemen 2P -gelen 3P -gáden


[pū- itr. ‘to cross’, confused with pū- tr. ‘to blow’:]

1S puungam [sic, -m] 422 2S -ngand 3S -nga
1D -ngei 2D -ngeoli 3D -náǥ [sic]
1P -ngeomen 2P -ngeolen 3P -ngáden NB. -e- or -o-


ē-

1S eengang I am 431 2S eengand 3S eenga
1D eengei 2D eengeli (-äli) 3D eengage
1P eengemen 2P eengelen (-älen) 3P eenáden [sic]

Schwa stems

āŋkə-

1S aankang I yawn 421 2S aangand 3S aanga
1D aangei (Kar. -ngi) 2D aankali (Kar. -ngîli) 3D aangáǥ
1P aangámen 2P aangalen 3P aangáden


ūćə-

1S útjang I work 421 2S utjand 3S utj‹á›
1D utjei (Kar. uudji) 2D utjăli (Kar. uudjîli) 3D utjáǥ
1P utjamen (Kar. udjî́men) 2P utjalen (Kar. udjîlen) 3P utjaden


kūnə-

1S kuunang I fled 421 2S kuunand 3S kuuna
1D -nei (Kar. -ni) 2D -nali (Kar. -nîli) 3D -náǥe
1P -ámen 2P -álen 3P -áden


sok͔k͔ə-

1S sok͔k͔ang ползаю 421 2S -and 3S -a
1D -ei 2D -ăli 3D -áǥ
1P -ámen 2P -álen 3P -áden


śǟk͔k͔ə-

1S šääk͔k͔ang ночевал 421 2S -k͔k͔and 3S -k͔k͔a
1D -ei (-aei) 2D -ali


ālćə-

1S alčang I fell 421 2S alčand 3S alča
1D alčei (Kar. alči) 2D alčali (Kar. alčîli) 3D alčaǥ
1P -amen 2P -alen 3P -aden


kē̮lćə-

1S kéelčang I woke up 421 2S keelčand 3S keelča
1D -čei 2D -čali 3D -čaǥ
1P -čámen 2P -čálen 3P -čáden


k͔ǖtə-

1S k͔yytang I am ill 422 2S -tand 3S -ta
1D -tei 2D -tali 3D -taǥ
1P -támen 2P -tálen 3P -táden


netə-

1S netang I married 422 2S -and 3S -a
1D -ei 2D -ali


pērə-

1S pérang I search 422 2S -rand 3S -ra
1D -rei 2D -rali 3D -raǥ
1P -rámen 2P -rálen 3P -ráden


enə-

1S enang I fear 422 3S -a
2D -ali


ńelćə-

1S njeltjang I sweat 422 3S -a
2D -ali


ürəkə-

1S yrkang I got lost 421 2S yrkand 3S yrka
1D yrkei (Kar. yrgi) 2D yrkali (Kar. yrgîli) 3D yrkag
1P yrkamen 2P -alen 3P -aden


ni̮ŋkə-

1S nînkang I stand 421 2S -ngand 3S -nga
1D -kei 2D -ngàli 3D -nkaǥ


k͔ontə-

1S kontang сплю 423 2S konnand 3S konda
1D kondei 2D -dali 3D -dag
1P -damen

NB. For verbs on -ndang or -ntang, -nd- (-nt-) is changed to -nn- [in 2S]. Similarly pentang плаву: pennand, aamtang сижу: aamnand, tîîntang браню: tîînnand etc.


molčə-

1S moldšáng or moltang замарался 423 2S moldšáng [sic] or moltand 3S moldšá or molta
1D moldšei or -tei 2D moldšali, -dšîli or -ltali, -ыli 3D moldšage or -ltage
1P moldšamen or -ltámen 2P moldšálen or -ltálen 3P moldšáden or -ltáden


muśə-

1S mušang I ripened 424 2S -šand 3S -ša
1D -šei 2D -šali or -šî́li 3D -šage


maččə-

1S mačang (-tč-) строгаю 424 2S mačand (-tč-) 3S mača (-tč-)
1D matčei 2D mačăli or -î́li


kǖtäptə-

1S kyydäptang I dreamed 421 2S -ptand 3S -pta
1D -ptei (Kar. -pti) 2D -ptali (Kar. -ptîli) 3D -ptáǥ
1P -ptámen 2P -ptálen 3P -ptáden


k͔apäptə-

1S kapääptang I became fat 421 2S -tand 3S -ta
1D -ptei 2D -ptali 3D -ptage
1P -ptamen


k͔antäćə-

1S kandétjang I froze 422 2S -etjand 3S -etja (-e)
1D -ei

[The whole paradigm is deleted]


śitäćə-

1S šittetjang I woke up 424 2S -tjand 3S -tja
1D -tjei 2D -tjáli or -tjîli or -tjengeli 3D -tjáǥ
1P -tjamen 2P -tjalen or -tjîlen, -tjengelen 3P -tjaden

Verbs on -dšang belong to the second class, but have a somewhat peculiar conjugation.

These take in 2S nd lor ndš, in 2D -álen or -î́len.


e̮təlčə-

1S êteldšang or -ldšengang 423, êteldšengang I wait 420 2S -dšandš or -gand [read: êteldšengand] 423, -ngand 420 3S êteldša or -ga 423, -nga 420
1D êteldšei or -ge [sic] 423, -ngei 420 2D êteldšáli or -dšî́li or -geli 423, -ngeli 420 3D êteldšáǥ or -gáǥ 423
1P êteldšámen or -ngemen 2P êteldšálen or -dšî́len or -ngelen 3P êteldšaden or -ngáden


tanəmtalčə-

1S tandaldšang, -dšendšang учился 423 2S -ldšand 3S -ldša
1D -ei 2D -áli


ǖpalčə-

1S ýpaldšang or -dšendšang I went off 423 2S -ldšand 3S -ldša
1D -ldšei 2D -ldšali or -ыli


ēnčə-

1S eendšang быть хочу 431 2S eennandš 3S eendša
1D eendšei 2D eendšáli 3D eendšáǥ
1P eendšámen 2P eendšálen 3P eendšáden


ćāŋkə-

1S tjäängang меня нeт 432 2S tjäängand 3S tjäänga
1D tjäängei 2D tjäängali 3D tjäängáge
1P tjäängámen 2P tjäängalen 3P tjäängàden

[Duratives]

To the second class belong verbs on -bang, -pang, -mbang.


sūmpə-[under verbs on -bang, but not a durative]

1S suumbang пою 423 2S suummand 3S suumba
1D suumbei 2D súumbali 3D suumbaǥ
1P suumbámen 2P -álen 3P -aden

NB. 2S for verbs on -mbang, -mb- becomes -mm-.


ippə-

1S ippáng I lie 423 2S ippáng [sic] 3S íppa
1D ippei (Kar. ippi) 2D ippăli or [Kar.] ippыli 3D ippáǥ
1P ippámen or [Kar.] -ы́men 2P ippálen or [Kar.] -ыlen 3P ippáden


ittərpə-

1S itterbang I cook 423 2S -band 3S -rba
1D -rbei 2D -rbali etc.

Consonant stems

pȫt-

1S pönnang согрелся 422 2S -nnand 3S -nnэ
1D -nnei 2D -nneli 3D -nnáǥ
1P -nnemen 2P -nnelen 3P -nnáden


ćentət-

1S tjändennang вымок 421 2S -dennand 3S -dennэ (Kar. -a)
1D -dennei 2D -denneli 3D -dennáǥ
1P -dennemen 2P -dennelen 3P -dennáden


orəm-

1S ooromnang вырос 421 3S -mnэ
2D -mneli

 

NB. Those verbs that change their character nd in first person to nn [Castrén thinks n-stems have the character nt], take in second person the ending -ndš, e.g.

k͔uən-

1S k͔uennang уехал 423 2S kuennandš 3S kuennэ
1D kuennei or [Kar.] -nni 2D -eli

[Note: The form 2S kuennandš is probably 2S of desiderative k͔uənčə-.]


kuəj-

1S kuennjang I breathe 421 2S -nnjand 3S -nnj’e
1D -nnjej 2D -nnjeli 3D -nnjáǥ
1P -nnjemen 2P -nnjelen 3P -nnjáden


k͔uələj-

1S kuelennjang I fish 421 2S -jand 3S -nnj’e
1D -nnjei 2D -eli etc.


śīpaj-

1S siipannjang I hunt ducks 421
2D -eli


pisəj-

1S pisennjang I laugh 421
2D -eli


śēr-

1S šeernang I entered 422 3S -rnэ
2D -eli


amər-

1S amarnang кушаю 421 2S -rnand 3S -rne (-rn)
1D -rnei (Kar. -rni) 2D -rneli 3D -rnáǥe
1P -rnemen 2P -rnelen 3P -rnáden


maččər-

1S mačernang I cut 420 2S -rnand 3S -rne
1D -rnei etc.


kuččar-

1S kuttarnang ходил 420 2S kuttarnand 3S kuttarne
1D kuttarnei 2D kuttarneli 3D NB. -rnáǥ (not -ǥe)
1P -nemen 2P -nelen 3P -náden


kuəčk͔əl-

1S kuečkalnang I stepped 421 2S -lnand 3S -lned [sic]
1D -lnei 2D -lneli 3D -lnáǥ
1P -lnemen 2P -lnelen 3P -lnáden

Preterite

Objective conjugation

ńō-

1S njoosam I chased it 416 2S njoosal 3S njooset
1D njoosei 2D njooseli 3D njooseti
1P njoosemen 2P njooselen 3P njoosaden


ćātə-

1S tjaatesam I lit it 417 2S -tesal 3S -teset
1D -tesei 2D -teʃeli 3D -teseti
1P -tesemen 2P -teselen 3P -tesáden


uərə-

1S wueresam I kept it 416 2S wueresal 3S wuereset
1D wueresei 2D wuereseli 3D wuereseti
1P wueresemen 2P wuereselen 3P wueresaden


uəränčə-

1S wuerändšesam I was going to keep it 419


ćatəmpə-

1S tjaadembesam I had lighted it 419 2S -besal 3S -beset
1D -besei 2D -beseli


pak͔ər-

1S pak͔arsám I dug it out 416 2S -sál 3S -set
1D -sei 2D -seli 3D -sedi
1P -semen 2P -selen 3P -sáden


śǖt-

1S šyssam (aorist šynnam) I sewed it 416 2S šyssal 3S šysset
1D šyssei 2D -sseli 3D -ssedi
1P -ssemen 2P -sselen 3P -ssáden

1S forms: (subjective) apsang (-m) I ate it, mireksam I sold it, k͔aanjesam I covered it 431

[With ēnä expressing conjunctive:]


ćātə-

1S tjaatesaméne 417


k͔ǟttə-

1S k͔ättesaméne 417


ćātəmpə-

1S tjaadembesaméne 419

Subjective conjugation

425

1. -rnang make preterite [1S] on -rsang or -rssang

2. -njang make preterite on -šang

3. -mnang make preterite on -psang

4. -k͔ang, make preterite on -k͔asang

5. -engang make preterite on -esang, e.g. êteldšengang: preterite êteldšesang.


ē-

1S eesang I was 431 2S eesand 3S eesэ
1D eesei 2D eeseli 3D eesáǥe
1P eesemen 2P eeselen 3P eesàden


āŋkə-

1S angesang I yawned 425 2S -esand 3S -gĕs
1D -gesei 2D -geseli 3D -gesaǥ


k͔uən-

3D kuessaǥ ушли 434


ćentət-

1S tjändessang I got wet 425 2S -ssand 3S tjändess
1D tjändesei 2D tjändesseli 3D tjändesáǥ
1P tjandessemen 2P -sselen 3P -ssáden


orəm-

1S orapsang I grew up 425 2S -psand 3S -ps(э)
1D -psei 2D -pseli


kuəj-

1S kuešang I breathed 425 2S -šand 3S kueš(э)
1D -šei 2D -šeli 3D -šaǥ
1P -šemen 2P -šelen 3P -šáden


k͔uələj-

1S kuelessjang or -šang I fished 417, kuelešang 425 2S -ssjand
1D -šei 2D -šeli 3D -šàǥe
1P -šemen 2P -šelen 3P -šàden


amər-

1S amarsang or -rssang NB. I dined 425 2S -sand or -rssand 3S amarsэ, -ars (Kar. -a)
1D -rsei, -rssei (Kar. -rsi) 2D -rseli, -rsseli (Kar. -rsi) 3D -rsaǥ, -rssaǥ
1P -rsemen, -rssemen 2P -rselen, -rsselen 3P -rsáaden, -rssáden

1S forms: apsang I ate, órapsang I grew up, eendšesang I was going to be, tjäängesang I was not 431, pösʃang I got warm, pisešang I laughed, paaralsang воротился, šeersang or -rssang I entered, uutjesang I worked, kuunesang I fled, sok͔k͔asang I crawled, šääk͔aʃang I spent the night, kyydäptesang I dreamed, nîngesang I stood, tyysang I came, tuusang I rowed 425.

Future

[Labelled future, no translations.]

Objective conjugation

ćātə-

1S tjaateläpse I will light 417 2S tjaatelälse 3S tjaateletse
1D tjaateleisi 2D tjaatelelise 3D tjaateletise
1P tjaatelemesse (-s-) 2P tjaatelesse (-s-) 3P tjaatelä́desse (-s-)


ćātəmpə-

1S tjaadembeläpse I will have lighted 419 2S -belälse 3S -belete͑se
1D -beleise 2D -belelíse 3D -beletíse
1P -belemésʃe 2P -lésʃe 3P -lä́tesʃe


uəränčə-

1S wuerändšeläpse I will be going to keep 419

1S forms: abläpse I will eat it, miregläpse I will sell it, orabläpse (I will grow) [sic, falsely objective conjugation] 432.

Subjective conjugation

tǖ-

1S tyylakse I will come 426 2S tyyländese, -ntse 3S tylese
1D -leise 2D -lelíse 3D -leäǥase
1P -lemesse 2P -lelesʃe 3P -lä́desʃe


ē-

1S élakse I will be 431 2S éländese 3S elese
1D eeleise 2D eelelise 3D eeleä́ǥase
1P élemesʃe 2P élelesʃe 3P élä́desʃe


amər-

1S amarlakse I will dine 426 2S , -ndese 3S amarlese
1D amarleise 2D amarlelise 3D amarléäǥase
1P amarlemesse (-s-) 2P -rlelesʃe 3P -rlä́desʃe

1S forms: eendšälakse I will be going to be 431, tjäängelakʃe I will not be 432.

Optative

Objective conjugation

[Without label after future]

ćātə-

1S tjaateläm let me light 417 2S tjaateläl 3S tjaatelet
1D tjaatelei 2D tjaateleli 3D tjaateleti
1P tjaatelemen 2P tjaatelelen 3P tjaatelä́den

Subjective conjugation

[As alternatives to future]

amər-

1S amarlang есть стану 426 2S amarländ 3S amarlä
1D amarlei 2D amarleli 3D amarleäǥ
1P amarlemen 2P -rlelen 3P -rl‹ä›den

Latentive

The ‘determined form’ (bestämd form) is not enough stable, but coincides easily with future [desiderative] 419.

[Examples of formation:]

[Fixed vowel stems:]

Objective conjugation

ippángam давлю: ippatjendam E481, puundam дул (cfr. desiderative puundšam), njoondam гнал, mindam дал (cfr. desiderative mindšam) 418.

NB. Verbs on -ngam do not make a determined form on -ndam, while -ndam (= -ndšam) here is future E481.

An exception from this rule are the words that make future on -čam, e.g. iingam: iindam взял (cfr. desiderative iičam, aorist participle iindel-g[um]) E481, 418, meengam сделал: meendam делал (desiderative meečam, aorist participle meendel) E481.

[Schwa stems:]

Objective conjugation

îtam весил: îtendam повесил, îttétjam на час повесил?: ittétjendam повесил, eteptam спрятал: eteptendam E481, yytam послал: yytendam, selam точил: selendam, saaram привязал: sáarendam, kîram снял: kîrendam, kêtam сказал: kêtendam, kuram вил: kurendam E482, saadšam окусил: -dam (from sáadšendšam), k͔amdšam вылил: kamnendam (-ndš-?) E483, kuetjendam оставил (cfr. desiderative kuetjändšam) 418.

Subjective conjugation

alčang упал: alčendang id., aankang (-ng-) зеваю: aangendang id., ilang живу: ilendang id. E481, kuunang убежал: kuunendam, k͔andetjang замерз: (k͔andétjendang) E483

[Consonant stems:]

Objective conjugation

k͔óptengnam клал: (k͔ooptengdam) E483, korbennam мешаю: -ttam, tjembennam I belted it: -ttang, monnam: mottam стегал (cfr. desiderative motčam) 418.

šyynnam сошил: Such words do not form the determined form, while by them coincide future sytčam with šyttam. However, they are actually to be treated as different forms, although no distinction is made in Taz dialect E483. [But:] šynnam: šyttam шил (cfr. desiderative šytčam) 418.

NB. All words on -lnam make the determined form on -ldšam.

Subjective conjugation

iramnang стар стал: iramtang id., ooromnang = ooromtang вырос, olamnang = olamtang I began E481, tjändennang вымок: -ttang , kurennang ходил: -ttang E482 418.

uunnjang куропатки промышляю: uuttjang id. (cfr. uutjang работаю: uutjendang), sêngennjang утки промышляю: -ettjang, langennjang заревел: langettjang id., sook͔onnjam спрошу: -ttjam, saappennjam id.: -ttjam E483.

[Latentive forms and aorists of the desiderative mixed:]

ńō- & ńōnčə-

1S njoontam гоню (-ndam) (-ndšam) 414 2S njoontal 3S njoontenget

(1D njootei, 2D njootali or njootengeli are aorist forms of ńōtə-)

[Latentive forms and aorists of the desiderative mixed:]

pē- & pēnčə-

1S péndam (-dšam) ищу 414 2S pendal 3S pendšenged
1D péndei 2D pendšengeli etc.


uərə-

1S wuerendam держу, -ал 414 (держал 418) 2S -ndal 3S -ndet [deleted: or -ndenget]
1D -dei 2D -deli 3D -deti
1P -demen 2P -delen 3P -dáden

NB. Belongs to the first class.


ńōtə-

1S njootendam догоню [sic] (from njootam) 414 2S -tendal 3S -tendet
1D -tendei 2D -tendeli 3D -tendedi
1P njootendemen 2P njootendelen 3P njootendaden


ki̮rə-

1S kîrendam драл (from kîram, = kirändšam) 414 2S -ndal 3S -ndet
1D -ndei 2D -ndeli 3D -ndedi
1P -ndemen 2P -ndelen 3P -ndáden

[On page 418 is a complete paradigm of “latentive” as a derivational suffix. Here is the question of the intrasitive/imperfective derivational suffix ntə, see Narym latentive. The full paradigm is quoted here, and only here:]

“Bestämd form / determined form”

ćatə- & ćātəntə-

1S tjaadendam совсем расклал, готово 418 2S tjaadendal 3S tjaadendet
1D tjaadendei 2D tjaadendeli 3D tjaadendeti
1P tjaadendemen 2P tjaadendelen 3P tjaadendaden

Preterite

1S tjaadendesam

Future

1S tjaadendelapse

Imperative

2S tjaadendä́d!

Aorist participle tjaadendel-gum

Destinative participle tjaadendesá-g[um]

Conditional

Conjunctive present. Characters are in disyllabic words -mmäm (-ng), in multisyllabic words -mäm (-ng). This is a conditional mode, that implies both present and future (to express preterite is used the common subjunctive -säm‿éne) E460.

Objective conjugation

mi-

1S mimmäm if I gave E459 2S mimmäl 3S mimmed
1D mimmei 2D mimmeli 3D mimmeti
1P mimmemen 2P mimmelen 3P mimmäden


ćātə-

1S tjaade(m)mäm om jag gör eld / if I light[ed] (tjaadam) E459 2S tjaade(m)mäl 3S tjaade(m)md
1D tjaademmei 2D tjaademmeli 3D tjaademmeti
1P tjaademmemen 2P tjaademmelen 3P tjaademmäden

1S forms: puummäm if I blow it, têmem(m)äm if I buy it, šeeremmäm одену / if I dress it E459, mootemmäm бью / if I beat it (monnam), kuetemmäm id. / if I kill it, lak͔aremmäm шевелю / if I move it (deleted: lak͔aräm‿emme [id., lit. if my moving were]), tupalemäm вытрясу / if I shake it off E460.

Subjective conjugation

tǖ-

1S tyymmäng if I came E459 2S tyymmänd 3S tyymmä
1D tyymmei 2D tyymmeli 3D tyymmeäǥ
1P tyymmemen 2P tyymmelen 3P tyymmäden


ālćə-

1S aalčemmäng if I fell E459 2S aalčemmänd 3S aalčemmä
1D aalčemmei 2D aalčemmeli 3D aalčemmeäǥ
1P aalčemmemen 2P aalčemmelen 3P aalčemmäden

1S forms: kuummäng if I die, šeeremmäng if I enter E459, ilemmäng живу / if I live, kuenemmäng уйду / if I go, amaremäng if I eat, amaräm‿émme [id., lit. if my eating were], paaralemmäng ворожусь / if I return, pisešemäng if I smile, suurešemäng if I hunt, kuelešemäng if I fish, kamttétjemäng вылью / if I pour out, tjäldjetemäng топчу / if I trample (from tjäldennam), nuunetjemäng ежели устану / if I get tired E460.

3SS ēmmə used as adverb: eeme кабы, also: однако, ведь: eem‿olga tyylä кабы пришел / if he only could come E440, kut eemэ кто нибудь / anyone, k͔ai eemэ что нибудь / anything 434, eemэ — eemэ eller — eller / or — or: eeme äsäp (tyndša) eme ämäp tyndša, aša tenemam [I don’t know whether my father comes or my mother comes] 439, †ēme, †ēm‿olga (= что бы) GSL740.

Imperative

Suffixes 429

Objective conjugation

2S -äd (-ed), -t, -dš or -d 2D -eli, -ali (-ыli), -engeli 2P -ád
3S -ngemdi 3D -ngemdi 3P -ngejeäden

Subjective conjugation

2S -äšeng (-éšeng) 2D -eli (-ali, -ыli), -engeli 2P -ngen
3S -ngejeä 3D -ngejeäge 3P -ngejeäden

NB. The lengthening ng fails to appear after a preceding n in the stem. [Castrén means that the -ŋ- of the suffix is -n- in consonant stems].

NB. Imperative third person singular and the whole dual and plural is formed by lengthening with ng.

427 2SS ends on -ä́šeng. Those on -nnjang change n to š, those on -nnang take t (d): tjembetä́seng belt, tueretä́šeng steal, kuredä́šeng ходи, šiipašä́šeng catch ducks, paaralä́šeng return, kueškalä́šeng rest, alčä́šeng fall, sumbä́šeng пой, tuungä́šeng row (Kar. id.).

428 2SO (‘active form’) kuennam to kill: kuettэ, sonnam черпал: sottэ, čîmennam склеил: čîmettэ, tjeldjennam топтал: tjedjettэ [sic] 427, mirengnam продал: -rengd! 428, šeernam надeл: šeerэ!, tupernam трясу: tuperэ, tjok͔k͔ornam пекаю: tjok͔k͔orэ, sungernam выкрасил: sungerэ, säbernam оторвал: säberэ, sak͔alnam запехаю: sak͔aldš! (-d), tjok͔olnam запекаю: tjok͔old (-dš), tupalnam вытряс‹ал?›: tupaldš 427, tjeldjold or -ldš топтай 417, êseptam уронил: êseptet! (-d), êteptam to hide: -ptet! 427, saadšam оскусил: sáadšäd!, saaram привязал: sáaräd!, tukam чесал: tukäd (-éd), ketam to say: ketäd, koram распорол: koréd, k͔amdam вылил: kamdäd, kamdétjam вылил: kamdetjet (kamdétjengam вылил: -nget! (-d) [sic! The ending added to the aorist suffix]), kuendam унес: kuendäd, kuetjam to leave: kuetjäd, mačam рeзал: mačäd?!, pöčam согрeл: pöčäd, sĭtám to wake: sĭtéd, lakaram шевелил: lakaräd, säbetjéltjam оторвал: säbetjeljéd! 428, uderä́d! stop it, mušeräd! cook it, illä́d! lift it [without translation], ork͔olbä́d! hold it 417, mannembam смотрю: -mb‹ä›d (-t) 428, [imperative 2S for wuerä́ndšam left empty with question mark 419], kîngam to draw a bow: kîît 428.

The endings ä and e seem not to be enough determined in this dialect. In general, the ending -äd is unaccented, but -éd accented.

2D as in indicative.

2PS The ending is lengthened with -ng- to -ngen (-t). Those on -nang take no lengthening: parálnen! return, tuungen! гребите.

3SS is lengthened with ng. If the lengthening exists in present (tyyngam), no more lengthening appears. Those on -nang do not lengthen.

3DS is formed like second [ɔ: third] person singular.

3PS Like the others, lengthened forms.

Objective conjugation

ćātə-

2S tjaatä́d 417 2D tjaatáli, tjaatängeli 2P tjaatad
3S tjaadängemdi 3D tjaatängemdi 3P tjaatengiä́mden (-ejeämden)


k͔ǟttə-

2S k͔ättéd! 417, kättéd 428 2D k͔ättáli, kättengeli
3S kättengemdi 3D kättengemdi


selə-

2S seläd! (Kar. id.) 429 (säläd 427, selä́d! 417) 2D seleli or selengeli 2P seläd
3S selengemdi 3D selengemdi 3P selengejeämden


ćātəmpə-

2S tjaadembä́t 419
3S tjaadembengemdi


am-

2S amd 431
3S amnemdi


mirəŋ-

2S ˜mirengd! 431
3S mirengnemdi

Subjective conjugation

tǖ-

2S tyyngä́šeng приди (Kar. id.) 427 2D tyyngeli kommen 428 2P (-t)! 428
3S tyyngajeä 427 3D tyyngejeäǥ 428 3P tyyngejeäden 429


ē-

2S éngä́šeng 432 2D engeli 2P eengelen
3S engejeä 3D engejeä́ǥ 3P eengejeä́den


āmtə-

2S aamdä́šeng sit (Kar. id.) 427 2P aamdengen! сидите 428
3S aamdengejeä 427 3D aamdengejeä́ǥ 428


k͔ontə-

2S kondä́šeng спи (Kar. id.) 427 2D kondali, kondengeli 428 2P kondengen (-t) спите 428
3S kondengejeä 427 3D kondengejeä́ǥ 428 3P kondengejä́den 429


e̮təlčə-

2S êteldšä́šeng wait 427 2P êteldšengen 428
3S êteldšengejeä


śitäćə-

2S šittetjéäšeng 427
3S šittetjengejeä 427 3D šittetjengejeäng [sic] 428


ippə-

2S ippä́šeng лежи 427 2P ippengen! 428
3S ippengejä


am-

2S amä́šeng! 431


orəm-

2S oramä́šeng grow up 431
3S oramni


pȫt-

2S pöttä́šeng согрейся 427
3S pönnejeä


k͔uələj-

2S kuelešä́šeng fish 427
3S kuelenjejeä! 427 3D kuelenjejeäǥ 428


kuəj-

2S kuešä́šeng breathe 427
3S kuenjejeä


pisəj-

2S pisešä́šeng laugh 427
3S pisenjejeä!


śēr-

2S šeerä́šeng зайди 427 2D šeerneli зайдите 428 2P šéernen (-t) 428
3S šeernejeä 3P šeernejeäden 429


amər-

2S amarä́šeng кушай 427 2P amarnen! 428
3S amarnejeä 3P amarnejeäden 429